Direitos difusos e coletivos como instrumentos de concretização dos direitos humanos. Meio ambiente e saneamento básico na Ilha de Upaon-Açu
Date
2023-02-17
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Coadvisor
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, cognominada de Constituição
Cidadã, instituiu uma nova ordem de valores, normas e princípios constitucionais que
passaram a reger os mais variados aspectos da vida dos cidadãos brasileiros,
consagrando em seu art. 1º, inciso III, entre seus fundamentos, a dignidade da pessoa
humana.
A defesa dos Direitos Humanos se constituiu num marco importante na Constituição
Federal, introduzindo um extenso rol de direitos de diversas espécies, como civis,
políticos, econômicos, sociais, culturais e várias garantias constitucionais que não são
exaurientes, como estatuem o § 2º, do art. 5º, que prevê o princípio da não exaustividade
dos direitos fundamentais.
O Meio Ambiente, embora não explicitado textualmente na Declaração dos Direitos
Humanos de 1948, passou a ser considerado um Direito Humano e, constitucionalmente
um direito fundamental, podendo ser entendido como um direito de terceira geração,
relacionado, diretamente, com os Direitos Difusos e Coletivos que se manifestaram
durante e após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando a humanidade construía novos
paradigmas para dar respostas às profundas mudanças ocorridas no mundo pós-guerra.
A proteção ao Meio Ambiente, relacionada com o direito a vida surge, em nível mundial, a
partir da Conferência das Nações Unidas em Estocolmo no ano de 1972, quando foi
elaborada a Declaração do Meio Ambiente, ratificada no Brasil pelo Decreto Legislativo nº
204, de 07.05.2004, cuja proteção jurisdicional, realizada pelo Poder Judiciário, deve ser
feita por meio de Varas Especializadas em Direitos Difusos, Coletivos e Individuais
Homogêneos, devendo a tais Unidades ser dispensado tratamento diferenciado para
garantir efetividade, celeridade e economia processual, buscando alcançar justiça social,
ajudando a construir uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária, promovendo o bem-estar de
todos os cidadãos, sem preconceito de origem, raça, sexo, cor, idade e quaisquer outras
formas de discriminação.
Os Direitos Difusos, Coletivos e Individuais Homogêneos devem ser utilizados como
instrumentos de concretização de Direitos Humanos, dentre esses o Direito ao Meio
Ambiente saudável, em todas as dimensões e de forma especial consubstanciado em
Saneamento Básico para alcançar as metas estabelecidas pelo Novo Marco Legal
constantes na Lei nº 14.026, de 15 de julho de 2020.
The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, known as the Citizen Constitution, instituted a new order of values, norms and constitutional principles that came to rule the most varied aspects of the life of Brazilian citizens, establishing in its art . 1, item III, among its foundations, the dignity of the human person. The defense of Human Rights constitutes an important milestone in the Federal Constitution, introducing an extensive list of rights of various kinds, such as civil, political, economic, social, cultural and several constitutional guarantees that are not exhaustive, as established by the § 2, of art. 5, which provides for the principle of non-exhaustiveness of fundamental rights. The Environment, although not namely included in the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights, came to be considered a Human Right and, constitutionally, a fundamental right, and can be understood as a third-generation right, directly related to Diffuse and Collective Rights that came to light during and after World War II, when humanity was building up new paradigms to respond to the important changes that took place in the post-war world. The protection of the Environment, related to the right to life, emerged worldwide from the United Nations Conference in Stockholm in 1972, when the Declaration of the Environment was drawn up, ratified in Brazil by Legislative Decree No. 204, of May 07, 2004, whose jurisdictional protection, carried out by the Judiciary, must be made through Specialized Courts in Homogeneous Diffuse, Collective and Individual Rights, and to such courts must be given special treatment to ensure effectiveness, speed and economy procedure, seeking to achieve social justice, helping to build a free, fair and solidary society, promoting the well-being of all citizens, without prejudice of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination. Homogeneous Diffuse, Collective and Individual Rights must be used as instruments for the materialization of Human Rights, including the Right to a healthy Environment, in all dimensions and especially embodied in Basic Sanitation to achieve the goals established by the New Legal Framework as settled in Law No. 14,026, of July 15, 2020.
The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, known as the Citizen Constitution, instituted a new order of values, norms and constitutional principles that came to rule the most varied aspects of the life of Brazilian citizens, establishing in its art . 1, item III, among its foundations, the dignity of the human person. The defense of Human Rights constitutes an important milestone in the Federal Constitution, introducing an extensive list of rights of various kinds, such as civil, political, economic, social, cultural and several constitutional guarantees that are not exhaustive, as established by the § 2, of art. 5, which provides for the principle of non-exhaustiveness of fundamental rights. The Environment, although not namely included in the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights, came to be considered a Human Right and, constitutionally, a fundamental right, and can be understood as a third-generation right, directly related to Diffuse and Collective Rights that came to light during and after World War II, when humanity was building up new paradigms to respond to the important changes that took place in the post-war world. The protection of the Environment, related to the right to life, emerged worldwide from the United Nations Conference in Stockholm in 1972, when the Declaration of the Environment was drawn up, ratified in Brazil by Legislative Decree No. 204, of May 07, 2004, whose jurisdictional protection, carried out by the Judiciary, must be made through Specialized Courts in Homogeneous Diffuse, Collective and Individual Rights, and to such courts must be given special treatment to ensure effectiveness, speed and economy procedure, seeking to achieve social justice, helping to build a free, fair and solidary society, promoting the well-being of all citizens, without prejudice of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination. Homogeneous Diffuse, Collective and Individual Rights must be used as instruments for the materialization of Human Rights, including the Right to a healthy Environment, in all dimensions and especially embodied in Basic Sanitation to achieve the goals established by the New Legal Framework as settled in Law No. 14,026, of July 15, 2020.
Keywords
Meio ambiente, Direitos difusos e coletivos, Lei nº 14.026, de 15.07.2020.
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Andrade, C. M. C. (2023). Direitos difusos e coletivos como instrumentos de concretização dos direitos humanos. Meio ambiente e saneamento básico na Ilha de Upaon-Açu [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4701
Identifiers
TID
203241037
Designation
Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Open Access