Acordo UE – Turquia em face do direito internacional: natureza jurídica, responsabilidades e obrigações
Date
2022-03-30
Embargo
Advisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Language
Portuguese
Alternative Title
Abstract
O acordo celebrado entre União Europeia e Turquia, para conter o fluxo de migrantes
que se destinavam à Europa no verão de 2015, precisa ser mais bem compreendido
ante as normas de direito internacional, por se tratar de um dos principais instrumentos
utilizados para gerenciar os movimentos migratórios provenientes da rota dos Balcãs. O
estudo sobre a natureza jurídica do acordo, sua extensão e seus efeitos sobre a
população migrante é relevante para que a comunidade internacional possa avaliar se
estão sendo respeitados os direitos daqueles que procuram por proteção. Sendo assim,
o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em verificar se o exercício das atribuições da União
Europeia pode ou não ter atraído sua responsabilidade pela prática de atos ilícitos ante
o direito internacional, tendo como paradigma o projeto de artigos sobre
responsabilidade de organizações internacionais por atos internacionalmente ilícitos
(PAROIAII) da Comissão de Direito Internacional da Organização das Nações Unidas
(ONU) e a Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados. A pesquisa utilizada
engloba o método qualitativo e técnicas do processo dedutivo para colimar com o
objetivo proposto. Foi também considerado, no percurso metodológico, o tipo de
pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, sendo pesquisadas normas de observação
obrigatória (jus cogens) e princípios gerais de direito internacional aceitos pela
Comissão de Direito Internacional da ONU e pelos tratados fundantes da UE, a fim de
verificar se a sua eventual inobservância durante a execução do acordo com a Turquia
é capaz de caracterizar violação às normas internacionais. Em que pese os esforços da
UE, é inegável que os migrantes e os refugiados em solo turco, assim como nos
hotspots, passam toda a sorte de privação, sofrem inúmeros abusos em seus direitos
fundamentais, acabam por serem revitimizados ao invés de acolhidos e demandam os
diversos instrumentos jurídicos de direito internacional, dentre eles a própria Convenção
sobre Refugiados da ONU e a Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia.
Inúmeras violações aos direitos dos migrantes foram constatadas por órgãos da UE,
tanto em seu território como em Estados terceiros financiados por meio de acordos,
culminando em múltiplas infrações ao sistema universal de proteção aos direitos
humanos e aos direitos dos refugiados e migrantes, ensejadores de sua
responsabilização internacional. As violações são tanto por omissão quanto por ação da
UE na execução de sua política de rejeição aos refugiados/migrantes, seja de caráter
abstrato ou concreto, a fim de evitar sua entrada em solo europeu.
The agreement signed between the European Union and Turkey, to contain the flow of migrants who were going to Europe in the summer of 2015, needs to be better understood under the rules of international law, as it is one of the main instruments used to manage movements migratory routes from the Balkan route. The study of the legal nature of the agreement, its extent and its effects on the migrant population are relevant for the international community to assess whether the rights of those seeking protection are being respected. Therefore, the objective of this work is to verify whether the exercise of the powers of the European Union may or may not have attracted its responsibility for the practice of illegal acts under international law, having as a paradigm the draft of articles on the responsibility of international organizations for internationally wrongful acts (PAROIAII) of the International Law Commission of the United Nations (UN) and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The research used includes the qualitative method and techniques of the deductive process to match the proposed objective. The type of bibliographic and documentary research was also considered in the methodological path, with mandatory observation standards (jus cogens) and general principles of international law being accepted by the UN International Law Commission and by the founding treaties of the EU, in order to verify if its eventual non-compliance during the execution of the agreement with Turkey is capable of characterizing a violation of international standards. Despite the EU's efforts, it is undeniable that migrants and refugees on Turkish soil, as well as in hotspots, experience all sorts of deprivation, suffer numerous abuses in their fundamental rights, end up being revictimized rather than welcomed, demanding the various legal instruments of international law, including the UN Refugee Convention itself and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Numerous violations of the rights of migrants have been found by EU bodies, both in their territory and in third states financed through agreements, culminating in multiple violations of the universal system of human rights protection and the rights of refugees and migrants, which give rise to their international accountability. The violations are due either to omission or to action by the EU in implementing its policy of rejection of refugees/migrants, whether of an abstract or concrete nature, in order to prevent them from entering European soil.
The agreement signed between the European Union and Turkey, to contain the flow of migrants who were going to Europe in the summer of 2015, needs to be better understood under the rules of international law, as it is one of the main instruments used to manage movements migratory routes from the Balkan route. The study of the legal nature of the agreement, its extent and its effects on the migrant population are relevant for the international community to assess whether the rights of those seeking protection are being respected. Therefore, the objective of this work is to verify whether the exercise of the powers of the European Union may or may not have attracted its responsibility for the practice of illegal acts under international law, having as a paradigm the draft of articles on the responsibility of international organizations for internationally wrongful acts (PAROIAII) of the International Law Commission of the United Nations (UN) and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The research used includes the qualitative method and techniques of the deductive process to match the proposed objective. The type of bibliographic and documentary research was also considered in the methodological path, with mandatory observation standards (jus cogens) and general principles of international law being accepted by the UN International Law Commission and by the founding treaties of the EU, in order to verify if its eventual non-compliance during the execution of the agreement with Turkey is capable of characterizing a violation of international standards. Despite the EU's efforts, it is undeniable that migrants and refugees on Turkish soil, as well as in hotspots, experience all sorts of deprivation, suffer numerous abuses in their fundamental rights, end up being revictimized rather than welcomed, demanding the various legal instruments of international law, including the UN Refugee Convention itself and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Numerous violations of the rights of migrants have been found by EU bodies, both in their territory and in third states financed through agreements, culminating in multiple violations of the universal system of human rights protection and the rights of refugees and migrants, which give rise to their international accountability. The violations are due either to omission or to action by the EU in implementing its policy of rejection of refugees/migrants, whether of an abstract or concrete nature, in order to prevent them from entering European soil.
Keywords
Refugiados, Responsabilidade internacional, União Europeia
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Souza, R. S. G. C. (2022). Acordo UE – Turquia em face do direito internacional: natureza jurídica, responsabilidades e obrigações [Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4047
Identifiers
TID
203051840
Designation
Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Open Access