Processo de aculturação e adaptação de imigrantes brasileiros residentes na Hungria: Fatores associados
Date
2016
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Portuguese
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Abstract
Este estudo pretendeu compreender o processo de aculturação e adaptação de imigrantes
brasileiros residentes na Hungria a partir de suas experiências e representações. Para uma melhor
compreensão deste fenómeno, o presente estudo procurou explorar os motivos migratórios
individuais que levaram à saída do Brasil, bem como os motivos que conduziram à escolha da
Hungria como país de acolhimento. Pretendeu, ainda, explorar o processo de aculturação desses
imigrantes, os seus padrões de competição e descrever a adaptação dos participantes no momento
de realização desta investigação, analisando potenciais fatores associados (domínio da língua,
relações interpessoais, bem-estar, entre outros).
Os resultados encontrados permitiram identificar os motivos profissionais, como principal
motivo de saída dos brasileiros do seu país de origem e os motivos relacionais, como os maiores
influenciadores na decisão de migrar para a Hungria como sociedade de acolhimento. Em relação
ao processo de aculturação, foi possível perceber um percurso linear marcado, inicialmente, por
obstáculos migratórios e emoções negativas como tristeza e medo, causadas, sobretudo pelas
diferenças culturais entre o Brasil e a Hungria (língua, clima e costumes). Apesar disso, esses
obstáculos são também interpretados como motivadores de mudanças e de aprendizagem de
competências, de forma que a maioria dos participantes utiliza a integração como estratégia de
aculturação, que quando bem sucedida permite a manutenção de contato tanto com a cultura de
origem como com a cultura de acolhimento. Os resultados permitem ainda identificar situações
de competição tanto de natureza construtiva, como de natureza destrutiva, sobretudo, em áreas
profissionais, havendo uma predominância de situações competitivas construtivas entre os
imigrantes brasileiros e a sociedade de acolhimento. No momento de realização da entrevista, a
maioria dos imigrantes brasileiros participantes neste estudo apresentava uma adaptação
tendencialmente positiva, associada a fatores que indicam adaptação psicológica (e.g.
sentimentos de pertença e satisfação geral com a vida) e adaptação sociocultural (e.g. domínio da
língua e empregabilidade). No entanto, em menor escala, alguns dos participantes apresentavam
também uma adaptação tendencialmente negativa, associada a fatores de desajuste psicológico
(e.g. sentimento de não pertença) e a fatores que indicavam dificuldades socioculturais (e.g. falta
de domínio da língua). Os dados deste estudo permitem explorar os fatores determinantes do processo migratório, sendo estes fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que
proporcionem ao indivíduo migrante um bem-estar social, político e psicológico nas sociedades
de acolhimento.
This study intended to understand the acculturation and adaptation process for Brazilian immigrants living in Hungary from their experiences and representations. For a better comprehension of this phenomenon, the present study sought to explore the individual migratory reasons that led to the departure from Brazil, as well as the reasons that drove to the choice of Hungary as the host country. This research intended yet to explore the immigrants’ acculturation process, its competition patterns and to describe participants’ adaptation at the moment the investigation was carried out, analyzing the potential associated factors (knowledge of the language, interpersonal relations, welfare, among others.) The results found allowed the identification of the professional reasons as the main motive of departure for Brazilians leaving their country and the relational reasons as the main influence on the decision to migrate to Hungary as host community. Regarding the acculturation process, it was possible to notice a linear route marked, initially, by migratory obstacles and negative emotions such as sadness and fear, caused, mainly by the cultural differences between Brazil and Hungary (language, weather, habits). Despite that, these obstacles are also interpreted as motivation for changes and skills learning, in such way that most participants use integration as strategy for acculturation, that when successful allows the maintenance of the contact with both the home culture and the host culture. The results allow also the identification competition situations, both of constructive and destructive natures, in professional areas, existing a predominance of constructive competitive situations among Brazilian immigrants and the host society. By the moment of the interview, the majority of Brazilian immigrants that participated in this study showed a somewhat positive adaptation, associated with features that indicate psychological conformation (e.g. feelings of belonging and overall satisfaction with life) and socio-cultural adaptation (e.g. language knowledge and employability). However, in a minor scale, some participants also presented a somewhat negative adaptation, associated with psychological maladjustment factors (e.g. feeling of not belonging) and to factors indicating sociocultural difficulties (e.g. lack of language knowledge). The data in this study allow the exploration of determinant factors of the migrating process, those being fundamental to the development of strategies that provide to the immigrant a social, political and psychological welfare at the host societies.
This study intended to understand the acculturation and adaptation process for Brazilian immigrants living in Hungary from their experiences and representations. For a better comprehension of this phenomenon, the present study sought to explore the individual migratory reasons that led to the departure from Brazil, as well as the reasons that drove to the choice of Hungary as the host country. This research intended yet to explore the immigrants’ acculturation process, its competition patterns and to describe participants’ adaptation at the moment the investigation was carried out, analyzing the potential associated factors (knowledge of the language, interpersonal relations, welfare, among others.) The results found allowed the identification of the professional reasons as the main motive of departure for Brazilians leaving their country and the relational reasons as the main influence on the decision to migrate to Hungary as host community. Regarding the acculturation process, it was possible to notice a linear route marked, initially, by migratory obstacles and negative emotions such as sadness and fear, caused, mainly by the cultural differences between Brazil and Hungary (language, weather, habits). Despite that, these obstacles are also interpreted as motivation for changes and skills learning, in such way that most participants use integration as strategy for acculturation, that when successful allows the maintenance of the contact with both the home culture and the host culture. The results allow also the identification competition situations, both of constructive and destructive natures, in professional areas, existing a predominance of constructive competitive situations among Brazilian immigrants and the host society. By the moment of the interview, the majority of Brazilian immigrants that participated in this study showed a somewhat positive adaptation, associated with features that indicate psychological conformation (e.g. feelings of belonging and overall satisfaction with life) and socio-cultural adaptation (e.g. language knowledge and employability). However, in a minor scale, some participants also presented a somewhat negative adaptation, associated with psychological maladjustment factors (e.g. feeling of not belonging) and to factors indicating sociocultural difficulties (e.g. lack of language knowledge). The data in this study allow the exploration of determinant factors of the migrating process, those being fundamental to the development of strategies that provide to the immigrant a social, political and psychological welfare at the host societies.
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Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Atzingen R.C.(2016). Processo de aculturação e adaptação de imigrantes brasileiros residentes na Hungria: Fatores associados. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1699.
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201430096
Designation
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
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Open Access