Relativização pelo poder judiciário, da presunção de vulnerabilidade insculpida no artigo 217-A do Código Penal
Date
2022-09-09
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Portuguese
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Abstract
A presunção de vulnerabilidade prevista no artigo 217-A do Código Penal dá azo a
processos e sentenças teratológicas, impedindo que o Poder Judiciário analise o caso
concreto à luz das provas trazidas à baila pelas partes envolvidas. É de conhecimento
público que os Congressistas são fortemente influenciados pela opinião pública, o que
desencadeia a edição de tipos penais despidos da melhor técnica legislativa. É
demonstrado, ao longo desta dissertação, que o crime de estupro de vulnerável é
nefasto, incubindo ao Estado punir, com rigor, os autores deste delito, protegendo-se a
saúde mental e psicológica das crianças e adolescentes do país, nos termos do que
preconiza a Constituição Federal de 1988. Não obstante, o dever de proteção de nossos
infantes não é desculpa para a adoção de políticas retrógradas e que não refletem o
sentimento social do povo que despreza a exploração sexual de menores por adultos
inescrupulosos, mas que tolera, a depender do contexto, a relação entre entre jovens
de idades aproximadas. Seguindo esta premissa, a presente dissertação analisou os
argumentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis à relativização da presunção de vulnerabilidade,
sem descurar-se dos aspectos históricos correlacionados ao delito de estupro, das
consequências advindas de um processo criminal para a vítima e para o infrator e dos
princípios hermenêuticos que permeiam a temática, a saber: princípio da
proporcionalidade, busca da verdade real, legalidade, intervenção mínima, melhor
interesse do menor, contraditório e ampla defesa e adequação social. Sopesando-se as
implicações de diversas interpretações, verifica-se que a presunção de vulnerabilidade
deve ser mitigada em casos excepcionais, cabendo ao Poder Judiciário aplicar a
exceção de Romeu e Julieta, desde que estejam presentes os requisitos para tanto,
quais sejam: existência de relacionamento entre sujeito ativo e passivo; consentimento
da vítima para o sexo e diferença de idade entre as partes de até cinco anos. Demonstrase,
também, que tal teoria só deve ser aplicada para quem já conte com mais de 12
(doze) anos, sendo esta a idade em que se é considerado adolescente pelo Estatuto da
Criança e do Adolescente.
The presumption of vulnerability provided for in article 217-A of the Penal Code gives rise to teratological processes and sentences, preventing the Judiciary from analyzing the specific case in light of the evidence brought to the fore by the parties involved. It is public knowledge that Congressmen are strongly influenced by public opinion, which triggers the publication of criminal types stripped of the best legislative technique. It is demonstrated, throughout this dissertation, that the crime of rape of a vulnerable person is disastrous, leaving the State to strictly punish the authors of this crime, protecting the mental and psychological health of children and adolescents in the country, in accordance with advocates the Federal Constitution of 1988. However, the duty to protect our infants is not an excuse for adopting retrograde policies that do not reflect the social sentiment of the people, which despises the sexual exploitation of minors by unscrupulous adults, but which tolerates, depending on the context, the relationship between young people of approximate ages. Following this premise, this dissertation analyzed the favorable and unfavorable arguments for the relativization of the presumption of vulnerability, without neglecting the historical aspects related to the crime of rape, the consequences arising from a criminal process for the victim and for the offender and the principles hermeneutics that permeate the theme, namely: principle of proportionality, search for real truth, legality, minimal intervention, best interests of the minor, contradictory and broad defense and social adequacy. Weighing the implications of different interpretations, it appears that the presumption of vulnerability must be mitigated in exceptional cases, and it is up to the Judiciary Branch to apply the Romeo and Juliet exception, provided that the requirements for this are present, namely: existence of relationship between active and passive subject; consent of the victim to the sex and age difference between the parties of up to five years. It is also demonstrated that such theory should only be applied to those who are already over 12 (twelve) years old, this being the age at which one is considered a teenager by the Child and Adolescent Statute.
The presumption of vulnerability provided for in article 217-A of the Penal Code gives rise to teratological processes and sentences, preventing the Judiciary from analyzing the specific case in light of the evidence brought to the fore by the parties involved. It is public knowledge that Congressmen are strongly influenced by public opinion, which triggers the publication of criminal types stripped of the best legislative technique. It is demonstrated, throughout this dissertation, that the crime of rape of a vulnerable person is disastrous, leaving the State to strictly punish the authors of this crime, protecting the mental and psychological health of children and adolescents in the country, in accordance with advocates the Federal Constitution of 1988. However, the duty to protect our infants is not an excuse for adopting retrograde policies that do not reflect the social sentiment of the people, which despises the sexual exploitation of minors by unscrupulous adults, but which tolerates, depending on the context, the relationship between young people of approximate ages. Following this premise, this dissertation analyzed the favorable and unfavorable arguments for the relativization of the presumption of vulnerability, without neglecting the historical aspects related to the crime of rape, the consequences arising from a criminal process for the victim and for the offender and the principles hermeneutics that permeate the theme, namely: principle of proportionality, search for real truth, legality, minimal intervention, best interests of the minor, contradictory and broad defense and social adequacy. Weighing the implications of different interpretations, it appears that the presumption of vulnerability must be mitigated in exceptional cases, and it is up to the Judiciary Branch to apply the Romeo and Juliet exception, provided that the requirements for this are present, namely: existence of relationship between active and passive subject; consent of the victim to the sex and age difference between the parties of up to five years. It is also demonstrated that such theory should only be applied to those who are already over 12 (twelve) years old, this being the age at which one is considered a teenager by the Child and Adolescent Statute.
Keywords
Presunção de vulnerabilidade, Estupro de vulnerável, Políticas retrógradas, Princípios hermenêuticos, Exceção de Romeu e Julieta
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Cruz, I. A. M. (2022). Relativização pelo poder judiciário, da presunção de vulnerabilidade insculpida no artigo 217-A do Código Penal [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4460
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203058917
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Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
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Open Access