Discrepância semântica-fonética e o efeito das exigências executivas em tarefas de fluência verbal: diferenças entre idosos com declínio cognitivo ligeiro, queixas cognitivas subjetivas e controlos
Date
2024-11-25
Embargo
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Coadvisor
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
As tarefas de fluência verbal são essenciais na avaliação cognitiva, especialmente para identificar Distúrbios Neurocognitivos (DNC) em idosos. A fluência verbal, que se refere a capacidade de gerar palavras dentro de uma categoria específica num tempo limitado, fornece informações importantes sobre as funções executivas, a memória e a linguagem dos indivíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a discrepâncias no desempenho das tarefas de fluência verbal semântica e fonética entre três grupos de idosos: com Declínio Cognitivo Ligeiro (DCL), com queixas cognitivas subjetivas (+QCS) e sem queixas cognitivas subjetivas (-QCS). Além disso, analisou as discrepâncias no desempenho entre tarefas de fluência verbal com diferentes tipos de exigência executiva (alta e baixa). A amostra consistiu em 97 idosos (47 mulheres e 50 homens) de Universidades Séniores e Centros Sociais da região Norte de Portugal, com uma idade média de 77.4 anos (DP: 5.54). A recolha de dados foi realizada individualmente, num único momento, com uma duração média de 60 a 90 minutos, dividida em dois blocos: no primeiro foram aplicados 8 instrumentos de avaliação psicológica e no segundo bloco, foi realizado uma tarefa experimental de fluência verbal de alta e baixa exigência executiva, com três intervalos de tempo (0-30 segundos, 31-60 segundos, 61-90 segundos). De um modo geral, os resultados apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os três grupos (p <.001). A discrepância semântico-fonética revelou ser eficaz na distinção entre os grupos, com os grupos com e sem queixas cognitivas a apresentar um alto desempenho em todos os intervalos de tempo, enquanto, o grupo com Declínio Cognitivo Ligeiro (DCL) apresentou um desempenho inferior, especialmente nas tarefas de fluência fonética. A escolaridade e o desempenho no Teste de Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal foram preditores significativos, revelando a complexidade das funções executivas envolvidas nas tarefas de fluência verbal. Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre diferentes níveis de exigência executiva e o desempenho cognitivo em idosos, realçando a importância das tarefas de fluência verbal como ferramentas clínicas eficazes na identificação precoce de alterações cognitivas.
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD) in the elderly population. Verbal fluency, which refers to the ability to generate words within a specific category in a limited time, provides important information about individuals' executive functions, memory, and language. This study aimed to investigate discrepancies in performance on semantic and phonetic verbal fluency tasks among three groups of older adults: those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), with subjective cognitive complaints (+SCC), and without subjective cognitive complaints (-SCC). Additionally, the study sought to analyze performance discrepancies between verbal fluency tasks with different types of executive demands (high and low). The sample consisted of 97 older adults (47 women and 50 men) enrolled in Senior Universities and Social Centers in the Northern region of Portugal, with a mean age of 77.4 years (SD: 5.54). Data collection was conducted individually, in a single session, lasting an average of 60 to 90 minutes, divided into two blocks: in the first, 8 psychological assessment instruments were applied, and in the second block, an experimental verbal fluency task with high and low executive demands was conducted, with three time intervals (0-30 seconds, 31-60 seconds, 61-90 seconds). Overall, the results showed significant differences between the groups (p <.001). The group with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) showed the worst performance, especially in phonetic fluency, while the group without cognitive complaints (-SCC) performed best in semantic fluency and tasks with high executive demand. Educational level and performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test were significant predictors of verbal fluency, revealing the complexity of the executive functions involved in the task. The main contributions of the study include evidence of the relationship between different levels of executive demand and cognitive performance in older adults, as well as highlighting the relevance of verbal fluency tasks as practical clinical assessment tools for early identification of cognitive changes.
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD) in the elderly population. Verbal fluency, which refers to the ability to generate words within a specific category in a limited time, provides important information about individuals' executive functions, memory, and language. This study aimed to investigate discrepancies in performance on semantic and phonetic verbal fluency tasks among three groups of older adults: those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), with subjective cognitive complaints (+SCC), and without subjective cognitive complaints (-SCC). Additionally, the study sought to analyze performance discrepancies between verbal fluency tasks with different types of executive demands (high and low). The sample consisted of 97 older adults (47 women and 50 men) enrolled in Senior Universities and Social Centers in the Northern region of Portugal, with a mean age of 77.4 years (SD: 5.54). Data collection was conducted individually, in a single session, lasting an average of 60 to 90 minutes, divided into two blocks: in the first, 8 psychological assessment instruments were applied, and in the second block, an experimental verbal fluency task with high and low executive demands was conducted, with three time intervals (0-30 seconds, 31-60 seconds, 61-90 seconds). Overall, the results showed significant differences between the groups (p <.001). The group with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) showed the worst performance, especially in phonetic fluency, while the group without cognitive complaints (-SCC) performed best in semantic fluency and tasks with high executive demand. Educational level and performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test were significant predictors of verbal fluency, revealing the complexity of the executive functions involved in the task. The main contributions of the study include evidence of the relationship between different levels of executive demand and cognitive performance in older adults, as well as highlighting the relevance of verbal fluency tasks as practical clinical assessment tools for early identification of cognitive changes.
Keywords
Fluência verbal, Desempenho cognitivo, Funções executivas, Declínio cognitivo ligeiro, Queixas cognitivas subjetivas
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Paiva, B. C. S. (2024). Discrepância semântica-fonética e o efeito das exigências executivas em tarefas de fluência verbal: diferenças entre idosos com declínio cognitivo ligeiro, queixas cognitivas subjetivas e controlos [Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/6029
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TID
203750403
Designation
Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Access Type
Restricted Access