Medidas protetivas no Tratado de Livre Comércio UE-Mercosul: Salvaguardas para comunidades tradicionais brasileiras
Date
2021-06-23
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Portuguese
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Abstract
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar quais as salvaguardas estão sendo previstas no Tratado de Livre Comércio (TLC) entre Mercosul e União Europeia, e a relação destas salvaguardas com as políticas de proteção adotadas pelo Estado Brasileiro visando a garantia dos territórios dos povos e comunidades tradicionais. Para tanto, são analisadas as políticas de proteção dos territórios dos povos e comunidades tradicionais do Estado Brasileiro; as omissões e as violações na garantia da proteção dos territórios dos povos e comunidades tradicionais, a partir da constituição brasileira, de leis, tratados internacionais e jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, e Supremo Tribunal Federal. Como metodologia foi empregada hermenêutica jurídica sobre os documentos oficiais e o tratado. Foi analisado o Tratado de Livre Comércio entre Mercosul e União Europeia, as políticas de proteção dos territórios dos povos e comunidades tradicionais do Estado Brasileiro, relatórios sobre violações de direitos humanos, especialmente em relação do direito à terra emitidos por entidades públicas e privadas, normas e tratados internacionais que o Brasil se comprometeu a cumprir e jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e Supremo Tribunal Federal. Concluiu-se ao final do estudo que o TLC apenas faz referências ao Acordo de Paris como parâmetro para questões socioambientais e de desenvolvimento sustentável, porém com sanções frágeis, priorizando acordos. Assim como o próprio governo brasileiro possui uma política de desmonte das instituições de proteção e fiscalização ambiental, que tem consequências nefastas diretas ao estilo de vida e aos direitos dos povos tradicionais. Para combater todos esses elementos negativos, as ações devem ser baseadas na ética ambiental, a fim de gerar uma mensagem contra o sistema desestabilizador e permitir a retomada da conscientização sobre o papel do homem no sistema ambiental.
This dissertation has the general objective of analyzing which safeguards are being provided for in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Mercosur and the European Union, and the relationship of these safeguards with the protection policies adopted by the Brazilian State with a view to guaranteeing the territories of the peoples and traditional communities. To this end, the protection policies of the territories of the traditional peoples and communities of the Brazilian State are analyzed; omissions and violations in guaranteeing the protection of the territories of traditional peoples and communities, based on the Brazilian constitution, laws, international treaties and jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the Supreme Federal Court. As a methodology, legal hermeneutics was used on official documents and the treaty. The Free Trade Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union was analyzed, as well as policies for the protection of the territories of the traditional peoples and communities of the Brazilian State, reports on human rights violations, especially in relation to the right to land issued by public and private entities, rules and international treaties that Brazil has committed to comply with and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Federal Supreme Court. It was concluded at the end of the study that the FTA only makes references to the Paris Agreement as a parameter for socio-environmental and sustainable development issues, but with fragile sanctions, prioritizing agreements. Just as the Brazilian government itself has a policy of dismantling environmental protection and inspection institutions, which has direct harmful consequences for the lifestyle and rights of traditional peoples. In order to combat all these negative elements, actions must be based on environmental ethics, in order to generate a message against the destabilizing system and allow the resumption of awareness about the role of man in the environmental system.
This dissertation has the general objective of analyzing which safeguards are being provided for in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Mercosur and the European Union, and the relationship of these safeguards with the protection policies adopted by the Brazilian State with a view to guaranteeing the territories of the peoples and traditional communities. To this end, the protection policies of the territories of the traditional peoples and communities of the Brazilian State are analyzed; omissions and violations in guaranteeing the protection of the territories of traditional peoples and communities, based on the Brazilian constitution, laws, international treaties and jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the Supreme Federal Court. As a methodology, legal hermeneutics was used on official documents and the treaty. The Free Trade Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union was analyzed, as well as policies for the protection of the territories of the traditional peoples and communities of the Brazilian State, reports on human rights violations, especially in relation to the right to land issued by public and private entities, rules and international treaties that Brazil has committed to comply with and the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Federal Supreme Court. It was concluded at the end of the study that the FTA only makes references to the Paris Agreement as a parameter for socio-environmental and sustainable development issues, but with fragile sanctions, prioritizing agreements. Just as the Brazilian government itself has a policy of dismantling environmental protection and inspection institutions, which has direct harmful consequences for the lifestyle and rights of traditional peoples. In order to combat all these negative elements, actions must be based on environmental ethics, in order to generate a message against the destabilizing system and allow the resumption of awareness about the role of man in the environmental system.
Keywords
Mercosul, União Europeia, Tratado de Livre Comércio, Meio ambiente, Comunidades tradicionais
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Almeida, T. S. (2021). Medidas protetivas no Tratado de Livre Comércio UE-Mercosul: Salvaguardas para comunidades tradicionais brasileiras. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3571
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TID
202737853
Designation
Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Open Access