Estudo da Reserva Cognitiva no Rendimento de Testes de Memória e Funções Executivas
Date
2016
Embargo
Authors
Coadvisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Language
Portuguese
Alternative Title
Abstract
O processo de envelhecimento está vinculado com a diminuição e a falta de
competências de vária ordem, nas quais se encontram as cognitivas (Herrera, Lópiz &
Checa, 1991), sendo as funções executivas e a memória, das primeiras a sofrerem esse
declínio (Craik & Grady, 2002; West, 1996, 2000). Contudo, uma maior Reserva
Cognitiva tem estado associada a um melhor desempenho cognitivo no envelhecimento
(Steffener & Stern, 2012). O presente estudo pretendeu estudar o rendimento em provas
de Funções Executivas e Memória numa amostra de indivíduos cognitivamente
saudáveis, comparando o rendimento dos testes de avaliação entre indivíduos com Alta
e Baixa Reserva Cognitiva. Mais ainda, pretendeu verificar se existem diferenças
significativas no rendimento dos testes de avaliação das funções executivas e memória
em função dos grupos de idade e em função do nível de escolaridade. A amostra por
conveniência do presente estudo, foi composta por 72 indivíduos saudáveis, com idades
compreendidas entre os 60 e os 94 anos e uma média de 75.38 anos (DP = 7.14).
Relativamente ao sexo dos indivíduos que constituíram amostra, 44 são do sexo
feminino (61.1%) e 28 (38.9%) são do sexo masculino. Os instrumentos utilizados
foram Entrevista de Recolha dos Dados Sociodemográficos; Mini-Mental State –
MMSE; Stroop – Teste de Cores e Palavras de Golden; Teste de Estratégias de
Memória; Subteste Dígitos de Ordem Direta e Ordem Inversa da WAIS-III; Teste de
Fluência Verbal; Wisconsin; Subteste Vocabulário da WAIS III; Subteste Memória
Lógica I e II da Escala de Memória de Wechsler.Nos resultados obtidos, os indivíduos representados nesta amostra com baixa
reserva cognitiva apresentam resultados inferiores em todos os testes que avaliam as
funções executivas e memória, quando comparados com os indivíduos com alta reserva
cognitiva, contudo, nem todos resultaram em diferenças estatisticamente significativas.
The aging process is linked to the reduction and the lack of skills of various orders in which are cognitive (Herrera, Lópiz & Checa, 1991), the executive functions and the memory are the first to suffer this decline (Craik & Grady, 2002; West, 1996, 2000). However, a greater cognitive reserve has been associated with better cognitive performance in aging (Steffener & Stern, 2012). This study aimed to study the performance in tests of executive functions and memory in a sample of cognitively healthy individuals, comparing the performance of assessment tests between individuals with high and low cognitive reserve. Furthermore, it intended to check if there are significant differences in performance of the evaluation tests of executive functions and memory due to the age groups and depending on the level of education. The sample for convenience in this study consisted of 72 individuals healthy aged between 60 and 94 years of age, the sample average is 75.38 (SD = 7.14). Regarding the sex of the individuals who comprised the sample, 44 were female (61.1%) and 28 (38.9%) are male. The instruments used were interview Collection of Socio-Demographic Data; Mini-Mental State - MMSE; Stroop - Color and Word Test of Golden; Memory Strategies test; Subtest Digit Direct Order and Reverse Order of the WAIS-III; Verbal Fluency Test; Wisconsin; Subtest Vocabulary WAIS III; Logical Memory subtest I and II of the Wechsler Memory Scale. On the obtained results, the individuals represented in this sample with low cognitive reserve score lower on all tests assessing executive function and memory, compared to individuals with high cognitive reserve, however, not all resulted in statistically significant differences.
The aging process is linked to the reduction and the lack of skills of various orders in which are cognitive (Herrera, Lópiz & Checa, 1991), the executive functions and the memory are the first to suffer this decline (Craik & Grady, 2002; West, 1996, 2000). However, a greater cognitive reserve has been associated with better cognitive performance in aging (Steffener & Stern, 2012). This study aimed to study the performance in tests of executive functions and memory in a sample of cognitively healthy individuals, comparing the performance of assessment tests between individuals with high and low cognitive reserve. Furthermore, it intended to check if there are significant differences in performance of the evaluation tests of executive functions and memory due to the age groups and depending on the level of education. The sample for convenience in this study consisted of 72 individuals healthy aged between 60 and 94 years of age, the sample average is 75.38 (SD = 7.14). Regarding the sex of the individuals who comprised the sample, 44 were female (61.1%) and 28 (38.9%) are male. The instruments used were interview Collection of Socio-Demographic Data; Mini-Mental State - MMSE; Stroop - Color and Word Test of Golden; Memory Strategies test; Subtest Digit Direct Order and Reverse Order of the WAIS-III; Verbal Fluency Test; Wisconsin; Subtest Vocabulary WAIS III; Logical Memory subtest I and II of the Wechsler Memory Scale. On the obtained results, the individuals represented in this sample with low cognitive reserve score lower on all tests assessing executive function and memory, compared to individuals with high cognitive reserve, however, not all resulted in statistically significant differences.
Keywords
Funções Executivas, Memória, Reserva Cognitiva, Envelhecimento, Executive functions, Memory, Cognitive Reserve, Aging
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Magalhães M.C. (2016). Estudo da reserva cognitiva no rendimentos de testes de memória e funções executivas. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1698
Identifiers
TID
201552655
Designation
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Access Type
Restricted Access