A implementação das decisões do Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos e a sua eficácia
Date
2026-03-18
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Portuguese
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Abstract
A presente dissertação examina a implementação das decisões do Tribunal Africano dos
Direitos Humanos e dos Povos e a sua eficácia no contexto mais amplo do sistema
regional africano de proteção dos direitos humanos. Parte-se do reconhecimento de que
a criação do Tribunal representa um marco fundamental na consolidação da justiça
continental e na edificação de uma ordem jurídica africana assente na dignidade
humana, na solidariedade e na responsabilidade partilhada entre os Estados. Analisase
a génese e a evolução do sistema africano, desde a adoção da Carta Africana dos
Direitos Humanos e dos Povos em 1981 até à entrada em vigor do Protocolo de
Ouagadougou em 2004, evidenciando-se o papel determinante da Comissão e do
Tribunal enquanto mecanismos complementares de controlo e de promoção dos direitos
consagrados.
A investigação dedica particular atenção à relação entre os Países Africanos de Língua
Oficial Portuguesa e o sistema regional, com destaque para o caso específico de
Angola, cuja ausência de ratificação do Protocolo constitui um entrave à plena
integração no sistema africano de justiça e à concretização do princípio do acesso
efetivo à tutela jurisdicional. Analisa-se igualmente a jurisprudência do Tribunal Africano,
sublinhando decisões que consagraram direitos fundamentais como a liberdade de
expressão, a propriedade coletiva e o julgamento justo, demonstrando o papel
transformador do Tribunal na construção de uma cultura continental de direitos
humanos.
Por fim, o estudo adota uma perspetiva comparada com os sistemas europeu e
interamericano, evidenciando diferenças estruturais, institucionais e de execução das
decisões judiciais, bem como as lições que deles podem ser extraídas para o reforço da
eficácia do sistema africano. Conclui-se que a efetividade das decisões do Tribunal
Africano depende da vontade política dos Estados, da cooperação institucional e do
fortalecimento de uma cultura jurídica regional capaz de traduzir os princípios da Carta
Africana em garantias reais para os povos do continente.
This dissertation examines the implementation of the decisions of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and their effectiveness within the broader framework of the African regional human rights protection system. It begins by recognizing that the establishment of the Court represents a fundamental milestone in consolidating continental justice and shaping an African legal order grounded in human dignity, solidarity, and shared state responsibility. The study analyzes the genesis and evolution of the African system, from the adoption of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights in 1981 to the entry into force of the Ouagadougou Protocol in 2004, emphasizing the essential role of the Commission and the Court as complementary mechanisms for the promotion and supervision of protected rights. The research devotes particular attention to the relationship between the Portuguesespeaking African Countries and the regional system, focusing especially on the case of Angola, whose failure to ratify the Protocol remains an obstacle to its full integration into the African system of justice and to the realization of the right to effective judicial protection. The dissertation also explores the Court’s jurisprudence, highlighting landmark decisions that consolidated fundamental rights such as freedom of expression, collective property, and the right to a fair trial, thereby demonstrating the transformative role of the Court in building a continental human rights culture. Finally, the study adopts a comparative perspective with the European and Inter- American systems, identifying structural, institutional, and enforcement differences as well as valuable lessons that may enhance the effectiveness of the African system. It concludes that the practical impact of the Court’s decisions depends primarily on the political will of States, institutional cooperation, and the strengthening of a regional legal culture capable of translating the principles of the African Charter into concrete guarantees for the peoples of the continent.
This dissertation examines the implementation of the decisions of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and their effectiveness within the broader framework of the African regional human rights protection system. It begins by recognizing that the establishment of the Court represents a fundamental milestone in consolidating continental justice and shaping an African legal order grounded in human dignity, solidarity, and shared state responsibility. The study analyzes the genesis and evolution of the African system, from the adoption of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights in 1981 to the entry into force of the Ouagadougou Protocol in 2004, emphasizing the essential role of the Commission and the Court as complementary mechanisms for the promotion and supervision of protected rights. The research devotes particular attention to the relationship between the Portuguesespeaking African Countries and the regional system, focusing especially on the case of Angola, whose failure to ratify the Protocol remains an obstacle to its full integration into the African system of justice and to the realization of the right to effective judicial protection. The dissertation also explores the Court’s jurisprudence, highlighting landmark decisions that consolidated fundamental rights such as freedom of expression, collective property, and the right to a fair trial, thereby demonstrating the transformative role of the Court in building a continental human rights culture. Finally, the study adopts a comparative perspective with the European and Inter- American systems, identifying structural, institutional, and enforcement differences as well as valuable lessons that may enhance the effectiveness of the African system. It concludes that the practical impact of the Court’s decisions depends primarily on the political will of States, institutional cooperation, and the strengthening of a regional legal culture capable of translating the principles of the African Charter into concrete guarantees for the peoples of the continent.
Keywords
Sistema Regional Africano de Direitos Humanos, CADHP, TADHP, Eficácia jurisdicional, PALOP, Direitos Humanos
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Magalhães, E. S. (2026). A implementação das decisões do Tribunal Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos e a sua eficácia [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas , Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. https://hdl.handle.net/11328/7020
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TID
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Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
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Open Access