O papel do Estado na prevenção de desastres ambientais - Portugal / Brasil
Date
2024-04-02
Embargo
Advisor
Coadvisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Language
Portuguese
Alternative Title
Abstract
No último século, estudos indicam que os Desastres Naturais produziram danos bem superiores aos provocados pelas guerras, bem como o desenvolvimento tecnológico e econômico intensificou os desastres tecnológicos, agravando a vulnerabilidade de numerosos ecossistemas modificados pelo homem e de direitos humanos. A presente investigação visa analisar as obrigações dos Estados na etapa de prevenção de desastres não naturais ou híbridos ligados a grandes empreendimentos, abordando a legislação e principais medidas e políticas ambientais adotadas em Portugal e no Brasil. Os Estados devem atuar preventivamente, adotando medidas eficazes quando houver indicadores plausíveis de que uma atividade possa provocar danos graves e irreversíveis ao meio ambiente, inclusive diante da ausência de certeza científica. Sua obrigação de prevenir abrange o dever de regulamentar, controlar, fiscalizar, requerer e aprovar estudos de impacto ambiental, estabelecer um plano de contingência e mitigar o dano ambiental significativo, inclusive quando ocorrer apesar das ações preventivas, com o uso da melhor tecnologia e método científico disponível, além de medidas positivas para que os indivíduos possam exercer seu direito à vida digna e à preservação da sua integridade, respeitando e garantindo o princípio da igualdade perante a lei e a proibição da discriminação. Devem ainda evitar danos transfronteiriços que possam afetar os direitos humanos de pessoas fora de seu território. A partir da interferência transfronteiriça dos riscos e danos, as normas internacionais tendem a migrar para normas vinculativas, capazes de impor medidas preventivas supranacionais e acelerar a assistência às vítimas, com mecanismos comuns e qualificados de apoio mútuo, assentados numa organização jurisdicional internacional especializada em questões ambientais e desastres, como garantia e preservação dos direitos humanos e da saúde do Planeta. O licenciamento ambiental adequado figura como instrumento fundamental na prevenção de desastres ambientais, além do investimento em pesquisa e tecnologia para proteção e manutenção dos ecossistemas em razão dos serviços prestados pelos recursos naturais na prevenção e proteção contra desastres, e o quanto a interação entre os elementos ambientais e aqueles construídos pelo homem potencializa a proteção das comunidades humanas de catástrofes, aliados às políticas públicas ambientais de incremento na Bioeconomia e restauração florestal, como o motor principal da cadeia produtiva econômica e socialmente sustentável na Europa e na Amazônia brasileira, com impacto positivo direto na prevenção e segurança contra desastres ambientais.
In the last century, studies indicate that natural disasters have produced damage far greater than that caused by wars, and technological and economic development has intensified technological disasters, aggravating the vulnerability of numerous human-modified ecosystems and human rights. This research aims to analyze the obligations of states in the prevention of non-natural or hybrid disasters linked to major developments, addressing the legislation and main environmental measures and policies adopted in Portugal and Brazil. States must act preventively by adopting effective measures when there are plausible indicators that an activity could cause serious and irreversible damage to the environment, even in the absence of scientific certainty, whose obligation to prevent includes the duty to regulate, control, supervise, request and approve environmental impact studies, establish a contingency plan and mitigate significant environmental damage, including when it occurs despite preventive actions, using the best available technology and scientific methods, as well as positive measures so that individuals can exercise their right to a dignified life and the preservation of their integrity, respecting and guaranteeing the principle of equality before the law and the prohibition of discrimination. Avoiding cross-border damage that could affect the human rights of people outside its territory. As a result of the cross-border interference of risks and damages, international standards tend to migrate towards binding standards, capable of imposing supranational preventive measures and speeding up assistance to victims, with common and qualified mechanisms for mutual support, based on an international jurisdictional organization specializing in environmental issues and disasters, as a guarantee and preservation of human rights and the health of the planet. Considering that proper environmental licensing is a fundamental instrument for preventing environmental disasters, as well as investment in research and technology to protect and maintain ecosystems due to the services provided by natural resources in preventing and protecting against disasters, and the extent to which the interaction between environmental elements and those constructed by man the interaction between environmental elements and those built by man enhances the protection of human communities from disasters, combined with public environmental policies to increase the Bioeconomy and forest restoration, as the main engine of the economically and socially sustainable production chain in Europe and the Brazilian Amazon, with a direct positive impact on prevention and safety against environmental disasters.
In the last century, studies indicate that natural disasters have produced damage far greater than that caused by wars, and technological and economic development has intensified technological disasters, aggravating the vulnerability of numerous human-modified ecosystems and human rights. This research aims to analyze the obligations of states in the prevention of non-natural or hybrid disasters linked to major developments, addressing the legislation and main environmental measures and policies adopted in Portugal and Brazil. States must act preventively by adopting effective measures when there are plausible indicators that an activity could cause serious and irreversible damage to the environment, even in the absence of scientific certainty, whose obligation to prevent includes the duty to regulate, control, supervise, request and approve environmental impact studies, establish a contingency plan and mitigate significant environmental damage, including when it occurs despite preventive actions, using the best available technology and scientific methods, as well as positive measures so that individuals can exercise their right to a dignified life and the preservation of their integrity, respecting and guaranteeing the principle of equality before the law and the prohibition of discrimination. Avoiding cross-border damage that could affect the human rights of people outside its territory. As a result of the cross-border interference of risks and damages, international standards tend to migrate towards binding standards, capable of imposing supranational preventive measures and speeding up assistance to victims, with common and qualified mechanisms for mutual support, based on an international jurisdictional organization specializing in environmental issues and disasters, as a guarantee and preservation of human rights and the health of the planet. Considering that proper environmental licensing is a fundamental instrument for preventing environmental disasters, as well as investment in research and technology to protect and maintain ecosystems due to the services provided by natural resources in preventing and protecting against disasters, and the extent to which the interaction between environmental elements and those constructed by man the interaction between environmental elements and those built by man enhances the protection of human communities from disasters, combined with public environmental policies to increase the Bioeconomy and forest restoration, as the main engine of the economically and socially sustainable production chain in Europe and the Brazilian Amazon, with a direct positive impact on prevention and safety against environmental disasters.
Keywords
Desastres ambientais, Prevenção, Papel dos Estados, Licenciamento ambiental adequado, Serviços ecossistêmicos
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Pereira, V. C. O. G. (2024). O papel do Estado na prevenção de desastres ambientais - Portugal / Brasil [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/5574
Identifiers
TID
203608852
Designation
Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Embargoed Access