A polémica venda de seis barragens no Douro internacional
Date
2023-10-25
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Portuguese
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Abstract
A EDP e o consórcio liderado por um grupo francês, conhecido por ENGIE
celebraram, no final do ano de 2020, um negócio que consistiu na venda de seis
barragens localizadas na bacia do Douro Internacional
As centrais hidroelétricas passaram para o domínio do grupo ENGIE através de
um conjunto de operações societárias, na sua maioria fiscalmente neutras, ou seja, que
não implicaram o pagamento dos impostos que uma transmissão mais tradicional
implicaria.
É, portanto, natural, face à importância do património em causa e ao valor dos
tributos, que esta operação tenha suscitado em vários sectores da sociedade
portuguesa interrogações. Levantaram-se vozes críticas e foram arremessadas
suspeitas.
Neste trabalho, procurámos, num primeiro momento, analisar a forma como esta
operação foi concretizada e quais as suas ambiguidades e abordámos o tema do regime
especial aplicável às restruturações empresariais.
Seguidamente, analisámos o problema do planeamento fiscal, tema essencial,
mas bastante hermético, que gera divergências doutrinais, jurisprudenciais e
sociológicas acerca dos seus limites e fronteiras. Dedicámo-nos, aqui, ao problema do
planeamento fiscal abusivo, do princípio da substância sobre a forma e da cláusula geral
anti-abuso e respetivo procedimento de aplicação no Direito nacional.
Percorremos este caminho para podermos perceber se, no caso no negócio em
análise, a forma utilizada correspondeu, de facto, à respetiva substância económica.
Mais, se a substância económica foi, de facto, diversa da forma, tentámos ensaiar quais
seriam os impostos a que estaria sujeito o negócio que corresponde ao verdadeiro
interesse económico das partes.
Finalmente, ocupámos o último capítulo com uma exploração sobre a viabilidade
de liquidação e cobrança, neste momento, dos impostos que corresponderiam à
verdadeira substância económica do negócio.
EDP and the consortium led by a French group ENGIE concluded a deal at the end of 2020 involving selling six dams in the International Douro Basin. The hydroelectric power plants came under the control of the ENGIE group through a series of corporate transactions, which mainly were fiscally neutral, meaning they did not entail the payment of taxes that a more traditional transfer would have required. Given the significance of the assets involved and the value of the taxes, it is natural that this operation raised questions in various sectors of Portuguese society. Critical voices were raised, and suspicions were cast. In this study, we initially sought to analyse how this operation was carried out and its ambiguities. We also addressed the topic of the special regime applicable to corporate restructurings. Subsequently, we examined the issue of tax planning, an essential but highly complex subject that generates doctrinal, jurisprudential, and sociological divergences regarding its limits and boundaries. Here, we focused on the problem of abusive tax planning, the principle of substance over form, and the general anti-abuse clause and its application procedure in national law. We embarked on this path to understand whether it corresponded to its economic substance in the case of the analysed business transaction. Furthermore, if the economic substance differed from the form, we attempted to determine which taxes would apply to the transaction that aligns with the true economic interests of the parties. Finally, in the last chapter, we explored the feasibility of liquidation and collection, at present, of the taxes that would correspond to the true economic substance of the business.
EDP and the consortium led by a French group ENGIE concluded a deal at the end of 2020 involving selling six dams in the International Douro Basin. The hydroelectric power plants came under the control of the ENGIE group through a series of corporate transactions, which mainly were fiscally neutral, meaning they did not entail the payment of taxes that a more traditional transfer would have required. Given the significance of the assets involved and the value of the taxes, it is natural that this operation raised questions in various sectors of Portuguese society. Critical voices were raised, and suspicions were cast. In this study, we initially sought to analyse how this operation was carried out and its ambiguities. We also addressed the topic of the special regime applicable to corporate restructurings. Subsequently, we examined the issue of tax planning, an essential but highly complex subject that generates doctrinal, jurisprudential, and sociological divergences regarding its limits and boundaries. Here, we focused on the problem of abusive tax planning, the principle of substance over form, and the general anti-abuse clause and its application procedure in national law. We embarked on this path to understand whether it corresponded to its economic substance in the case of the analysed business transaction. Furthermore, if the economic substance differed from the form, we attempted to determine which taxes would apply to the transaction that aligns with the true economic interests of the parties. Finally, in the last chapter, we explored the feasibility of liquidation and collection, at present, of the taxes that would correspond to the true economic substance of the business.
Keywords
Barragens, Reestruturação empresarial, Neutralidade fiscal, Planeamento fiscal, Substância sobre a forma, Cláusula anti-abuso
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Preto, D. C. P. (2023). A polémica venda de seis barragens no Douro internacional [Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Jurídica Forense, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/5171
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Mestrado em Ciência Jurídica Forense
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Restricted Access