Funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes com cancro da mama: Sua relação com a ansiedade
Date
2017-05
Embargo
Authors
Coadvisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Language
Portuguese
Alternative Title
Abstract
Estado da arte: Evidências empíricas têm demonstrado alterações no funcionamento
cognitivo, nomeadamente nos processos de atenção, velocidade de processamento,
memória e funções executivas, em pacientes com cancro da mama. Os tratamentos
oncológicos administrados para controlo da doença, particularmente a quimioterapia,
têm sido apontados como importantes fatores associados à etiologia destas alterações
cognitivas. Contudo, os resultados de investigação alertam também para a necessidade
de considerar outros fatores determinantes das disfunções cognitivas observadas,
nomeadamente a ansiedade. Há evidências que a ansiedade associada ao diagnóstico e
tratamento da doença oncológica pode também estar relacionada com a ocorrência de
prejuízos cognitivos.
Objetivos: 1) Identificar a prevalência de ansiedade e comprometimento cognitivo em
pacientes com cancro da mama. 2) Analisar associação entre os níveis de ansiedade e o
funcionamento cognitivo (atenção, memória, velocidade de processamento e funções
executivas) de pacientes com cancro da mama. 3) Comparar pacientes com elevados e
baixos níveis de ansiedade, em termos do seu funcionamento cognitivo (atenção,
memoria, velocidade de processamento e funções executivas).
Método: O estudo exploratório, de natureza quantitativa, incluiu uma amostra de 20
mulheres diagnosticadas com cancro da mama, avaliadas quanto ao seu funcionamento
cognitivo (Teste de Stroop, Trail Making Test (TMT), Escala de Inteligência Wechsler
para Adultos (WAIS-III), Figura Complexa de Rey (FCR-O), Teste Wisconsin de
Classificação de Cartas (WCST), Teste de Retenção Visual de Benton (TRVB), Teste
de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey (RAVLT), Behavioral Assessment of the
Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)) e sintomatologia ansiosa (Escala de Autoavaliação da
Ansiedade de Zung (SAS)).
Resultados: Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que 50% das pacientes com cancro
da mama apresentaram valores clinicamente significativos de ansiedade. As áreas com
maior prevalência de prejuízo foram a atenção (sustentada e dividida/alternada),
velocidade de processamento, memória (verbal e visual a longo-prazo), funções
executivas (inibição e flexibilidade cognitiva). Os níveis de ansiedade mostraram-se
associados com o desempenho das pacientes em alguns dos domínios cognitivos,
particularmente a atenção (sustentada e divida/alternada) e as funções executivas
(planificação e flexibilidade cognitiva). Ao nível da memória e velocidade de
processamento não foram identificadas associações estatisticamente significativas com
os níveis de ansiedade. Quanto à comparação dos dois grupos, com baixos e altos níveis
de ansiedade, não foram identificados resultados estatisticamente significativos quanto
ao seu desempenho nas diferentes provas de avaliação neuropsicológica.
Conclusões: A ansiedade foi identificada como fator associado ao comprometimento
cognitivo de pacientes com cancro da mama, particularmente ao nível da atenção
(sustentada e dividida/alternada) e das funções executivas (planificação e flexibilidade
cognitiva). Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de implementação de programas de
reabilitação neuropsicológica e programas de intervenção em ansiedade, de modo a
responder adequadamente às necessidades destas pacientes, promover uma melhor
qualidade de vida e ajustamento à doença.
Background: Empirical evidences has shown changes in cognitive functioning, particularly in the processes of attention, processing speed, memory and executive functions in patients with breast cancer. Cancer treatments administered for disease control, particularly chemotherapy, have been identified as important factors associated with the etiology of these cognitive alterations. However, research results also point to the need to consider other determinant factors the cognitive dysfunctions observed, particularly anxiety. There is evidence that the anxiety associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer disease may also be related with occurrence of cognitive impairment. Purpose: 1) To identify the prevalence of anxiety and cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients; 2) To analyze the association between the levels of anxiety and the cognitive functioning (attention, memory, processing speed and executive functions) of breast cancer patients; 3) To compare patients with high and low anxiety in terms of their cognitive functioning (attention, memory, speed processing and executive functions). Methods: The exploratory study of quantitative nature, included a sample of 20 women diagnosed with breast cancer evaluated for their cognitive functioning (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Rey- Osterrieth Complex Figure (FCR-O), The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)) and anxious symptomatology (Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results: The study results showed that 50% of breast cancer patients had clinically significant levels of anxiety. The areas with the highest prevalence of impairment were attention (sustained and divided / alternated), processing speed, memory (verbal and visual long-term), executive functions (inhibition and cognitive flexibility). Anxiety levels have been shown to be associated with patient performance in some cognitive domains, particularly the attention (sustained and divided and alternating) and executive functions (planning and cognitive flexibility). At the level of memory and processing speed, no statistically significant associations with levels anxiety were identified. Regarding the comparison of the two groups, with low and high levels of anxiety, no statistically significant results were identified regarding their performance in the different tests of neuropsychological evaluation. Conclusions: Anxiety was identified as a factor associated with cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer, particularly at the level of attention (sustained and divided / alternated) and executive functions (planning and cognitive flexibility). These results suggest the need to implement neuropsychological rehabilitation programs and intervention programs in anxiety, in order to respond adequately to the needs of these patients, to promote a better quality of life and adjustment to the disease.
Background: Empirical evidences has shown changes in cognitive functioning, particularly in the processes of attention, processing speed, memory and executive functions in patients with breast cancer. Cancer treatments administered for disease control, particularly chemotherapy, have been identified as important factors associated with the etiology of these cognitive alterations. However, research results also point to the need to consider other determinant factors the cognitive dysfunctions observed, particularly anxiety. There is evidence that the anxiety associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer disease may also be related with occurrence of cognitive impairment. Purpose: 1) To identify the prevalence of anxiety and cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients; 2) To analyze the association between the levels of anxiety and the cognitive functioning (attention, memory, processing speed and executive functions) of breast cancer patients; 3) To compare patients with high and low anxiety in terms of their cognitive functioning (attention, memory, speed processing and executive functions). Methods: The exploratory study of quantitative nature, included a sample of 20 women diagnosed with breast cancer evaluated for their cognitive functioning (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Rey- Osterrieth Complex Figure (FCR-O), The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)) and anxious symptomatology (Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results: The study results showed that 50% of breast cancer patients had clinically significant levels of anxiety. The areas with the highest prevalence of impairment were attention (sustained and divided / alternated), processing speed, memory (verbal and visual long-term), executive functions (inhibition and cognitive flexibility). Anxiety levels have been shown to be associated with patient performance in some cognitive domains, particularly the attention (sustained and divided and alternating) and executive functions (planning and cognitive flexibility). At the level of memory and processing speed, no statistically significant associations with levels anxiety were identified. Regarding the comparison of the two groups, with low and high levels of anxiety, no statistically significant results were identified regarding their performance in the different tests of neuropsychological evaluation. Conclusions: Anxiety was identified as a factor associated with cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer, particularly at the level of attention (sustained and divided / alternated) and executive functions (planning and cognitive flexibility). These results suggest the need to implement neuropsychological rehabilitation programs and intervention programs in anxiety, in order to respond adequately to the needs of these patients, to promote a better quality of life and adjustment to the disease.
Keywords
Cancro da mama, Funcionamento cognitivo, Ansiedade, Breast cancer, Cognitive functioning, Anxiety
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Bessa, A.C.R. (2017). Funcionamento cognitivo de pacientes com cancro da mama:sua relação com a ansiedade. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1887
Identifiers
TID
201705044
Designation
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Access Type
Open Access