Impacto das experiências de stress no ajustamento psicológico de pessoas LGB: o papel mediador do estigma
Date
2020-07-29
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
Os estudos sobre a comunidade LGB têm vindo a ganhar revelo nos últimos anos, no entanto, em Portugal são praticamente inexistentes. O estigma internalizado e percebido e a exposição às diversas experiências de stress e discrimação que a população LGB vivencia têm um forte impacto no ajustamento psicológico do individuo. Nesse sentido, a presente investigação tem como objetivo principal avaliar o papel mediador do estigma internalizado e percebido na relação entre as experiências de stress e o bem-estar subjetivo, sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e de stress. O estudo contou com a participação de 211 sujeitos, sendo a maioria gays (44.5%) seguido de bissexual (32.2%) e lésbicas (23.2%),com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 62 anos. Os resultados mostram que quanto mais os indivíduos internalizam o estigma e percebem que são estigmatizados pelos outros em relação à sua orientação sexual, maiores são os seus níveis de ansiedade, stress e depressão, menores níveis de felicidade subjetiva e são menos “abertos” no processo de coming out. Contrariamente ao esperado, os resultados deste estudo indicam que as experiências de stress devido à pertença a um grupo minoritário não estão associadas ao coming out e à perceção de felicidade subjetiva do individuo. Os resultados sugerem ainda que os bissexuais comparativamente aos gays e às lésbicas revelam sentir mais estigma internalizado, stress e ansiedade e serem menos abertos em relação à sua sexualidade. Um dos principais resultados revela que a relação das experiências de stress devido à pertença e a sintomatologia depressiva é parcialmente mediada pelo estigma internalizado, mas não pelo estigma percebido. O presente estudo enfatiza a importância e impacto negativo das experiências de stress e estigmatização numa população com diversas especificidades e que é ainda alvo de bastante discriminação como é a população LGBT.
Studies on the LGBT community have become more relevant in the last few years. Nevertheless, in Portugal, they are still practically non-existent. Research shows that minority stress experiences as well as perceived and self-stigma have a strong impact on individual psychological adjustment. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the mediating role of internal and perceived stigma in the relation between the minority stress experiences and depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. The study included 211 subjects, most of whom were gay (44,5%), followed by bisexual (32,2%), and lesbians (23,2%), aged between 18 and 62 years. The results show that individuals who internalize stigma and feel stigmatized by others due to their sexual orientation present higher levels of anxiety, stress and depression, lower subjective happiness and less opened about their sexuality. Contrary to what was expected, results indicated that the minority stress experiences were not associated with coming-out and subjective happiness. Results also pointed out that bisexuals, compared to gays and lesbians, revealed more internalized stigma, stress and anxiety, and were less open regarding their sexuality. One of the main findings was that the relation between the minority stress experiences, and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by self-stigma, but not by perceived stigma. The present study emphasizes the importance of the negative impact of the stress experiences and stigma in a population with several specificities, like the LGBT community, that is still vulnerable to considerable discrimination.
Studies on the LGBT community have become more relevant in the last few years. Nevertheless, in Portugal, they are still practically non-existent. Research shows that minority stress experiences as well as perceived and self-stigma have a strong impact on individual psychological adjustment. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the mediating role of internal and perceived stigma in the relation between the minority stress experiences and depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms. The study included 211 subjects, most of whom were gay (44,5%), followed by bisexual (32,2%), and lesbians (23,2%), aged between 18 and 62 years. The results show that individuals who internalize stigma and feel stigmatized by others due to their sexual orientation present higher levels of anxiety, stress and depression, lower subjective happiness and less opened about their sexuality. Contrary to what was expected, results indicated that the minority stress experiences were not associated with coming-out and subjective happiness. Results also pointed out that bisexuals, compared to gays and lesbians, revealed more internalized stigma, stress and anxiety, and were less open regarding their sexuality. One of the main findings was that the relation between the minority stress experiences, and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by self-stigma, but not by perceived stigma. The present study emphasizes the importance of the negative impact of the stress experiences and stigma in a population with several specificities, like the LGBT community, that is still vulnerable to considerable discrimination.
Keywords
Homossexualidade, Coming out, Estigma internalizado, Estigma percebido, Comunidade LGB
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Araújo, L. M. A. (2020). Impacto das experiências de stress no ajustamento psicológico de pessoas LGB: o papel mediador do estigma. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3154
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202507548
Designation
Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Access Type
Open Access