Práticas comerciais desleais: a falsa alegação que o Bem ou Serviço é capaz de curar doenças, disfunções e malformações
Date
2018-10-01
Embargo
Advisor
Coadvisor
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a importância das práticas
comerciais desleais, enquanto lesivas dos interesses económicos dos consumidores,
em especial, a prática comercial enganosa que consiste na «alegação falsa que o bem
ou serviço é capaz de curar doenças, disfunções e malformações». Destacamos esta
prática pela sua especial gravidade e na medida em que se torna essencial elucidar o
consumidor do aliciamento indevido a que se sujeita neste tipo de alegações.
Assim, neste estudo é analisado o conceito de consumidor, bem como a necessidade
de o proteger contra práticas comerciais desleais. Também é abordado o
enquadramento jurídico das práticas comerciais desleais decorrentes da máxima
harmonização da Diretiva 2005/29/CE, de 11 de maio de 2005, nomeadamente, o
Decreto-Lei 57/2008, de 26 de março, relativo às práticas comerciais desleais das
empresas nas relações com os consumidores.
São estudados os critérios que circunscrevem uma prática comercial como desleal, a
dicotomia entre práticas comerciais enganosas (ações, omissões) e agressivas, por
um lado, e as enganosas e agressivas em qualquer circunstância, por outro lado. Este
estudo incide ainda sobre alguns conceitos legais, particularmente vagos e imprecisos,
que poderão levantar sérios problemas ao nível da sua interpretação e consequente
aplicação jurídica pelo julgador.
Conclui-se que o regime jurídico das práticas comerciais desleais estabelece uma
proteção do consumidor contra essas práticas das empresas, mas não uma proteção
suficiente. Será de equacionar, por um lado, um regime sancionatório mais rígido
aumentando o valor pecuniário das respetivas coimas e sanções acessórias, e, por
outro lado, a previsão de um regime de invalidade contratual na modalidade da
nulidade, possibilitando a arguição do vício pelo consumidor a todo o tempo.
No tocante à prática comercial desleal objeto principal deste estudo, concluímos que
grande parte dos consumidores não possuem a informação e o conhecimento
adequados para se precaverem contra a falsidade da prática e por isso ela tem
resistido; recomendando-se, assim, a necessidade de o consumidor normalmente
atento e advertido, antes da decisão de transação, filtrar estes produtos, ditos
“milagrosos”, submetendo-os a uma rigorosa avaliação prévia.
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the importance of unfair commercial practices as detrimental to the economic interests of consumers, in particular the misleading commercial practice consisting of the 'false claim that the good or service is capable of curing diseases, malfunctions and malformations' . We emphasize this practice for its special gravity and to the extent that it becomes essential to elucidate the consumer of the improper solicitation to which it is subject in this type of allegations. So, in this study we analyze the concept of consumer as well as the need to protect it against unfair commercial practices. We also aproach the legal framework of unfair commercial practices arising from maximum harmonization of Directive 2005/29/EC of 11 May 2005, including Decree-Law 57/2008 of 26 March on unfair companies in consumer relations. The criteria that circumscribe a commercial practice as disloyal is studied, the dichotomy between deceptive and abusive commercial practices (actions, omissions) and aggressive ones, on one side, and the deceptive and aggressive ones in any circumstance, on the other hand. This study also focuses on some legal concepts, particularly vague and imprecise, which may raise serious problems regarding their interpretation and consequent legal application by the judge. It is concluded that the legal regime of unfair commercial practices establishes a protection of the consumer against these practices of the companies, but not a enough protection. On one hand, it is necessary to consider a more rigid sanction regime by increasing the pecuniary value of the respective fines and accessory sanctions, and, on the other hand, the provision of a system of nullity of contractual invalidity, making it possible to argue consumer addiction everytime. With regard to the unfair commercial practice, which is the main purpose of this study, we conclude that most consumers do not have adequate information and knowledge to guard against the falsity of the practice and therefore it has resisted; like this it recommends the need for the consumer normally attentive and warned,before the transaction decision, to filter these products, called "miraculous", by subjecting them to a rigorous prior evaluation.
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the importance of unfair commercial practices as detrimental to the economic interests of consumers, in particular the misleading commercial practice consisting of the 'false claim that the good or service is capable of curing diseases, malfunctions and malformations' . We emphasize this practice for its special gravity and to the extent that it becomes essential to elucidate the consumer of the improper solicitation to which it is subject in this type of allegations. So, in this study we analyze the concept of consumer as well as the need to protect it against unfair commercial practices. We also aproach the legal framework of unfair commercial practices arising from maximum harmonization of Directive 2005/29/EC of 11 May 2005, including Decree-Law 57/2008 of 26 March on unfair companies in consumer relations. The criteria that circumscribe a commercial practice as disloyal is studied, the dichotomy between deceptive and abusive commercial practices (actions, omissions) and aggressive ones, on one side, and the deceptive and aggressive ones in any circumstance, on the other hand. This study also focuses on some legal concepts, particularly vague and imprecise, which may raise serious problems regarding their interpretation and consequent legal application by the judge. It is concluded that the legal regime of unfair commercial practices establishes a protection of the consumer against these practices of the companies, but not a enough protection. On one hand, it is necessary to consider a more rigid sanction regime by increasing the pecuniary value of the respective fines and accessory sanctions, and, on the other hand, the provision of a system of nullity of contractual invalidity, making it possible to argue consumer addiction everytime. With regard to the unfair commercial practice, which is the main purpose of this study, we conclude that most consumers do not have adequate information and knowledge to guard against the falsity of the practice and therefore it has resisted; like this it recommends the need for the consumer normally attentive and warned,before the transaction decision, to filter these products, called "miraculous", by subjecting them to a rigorous prior evaluation.
Keywords
Práticas comerciais desleais, Falsa alegação de cura, Consumidor médio, Proteção do consumidor, Unfair commercial practices, False claim of healing, Average consumer, Protection to the consumer
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Soares, A. I. F. S. (2018). Práticas comerciais desleais: A falsa alegação que o Bem ou Serviço é capaz de curar doenças, disfunções e malformações. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/2450
Identifiers
TID
201978105
Designation
Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Empresariais
Access Type
Open Access