Personalidade e funções executivas em estudantes universitários
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Data
2021-11-05
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Idioma
Português
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Resumo
A Personalidade resulta de uma organização dinâmica dos processos
psicológicos que são desenvolvidos ao longo do processo educacional, permitindo
estabelecer uma síntese de todos os elementos que interferem no desenvolvimento
psicobiológico do sujeito. As Funções Executivas são determinantes quando surgem
novas situações em que é exigida adaptação e flexibilidade do comportamento,
intervindo consequentemente na organização dinâmica do sistema psicofisiológico de
cada sujeito. Esta investigação constitui-se um estudo empírico, com um desenho
transversal quantitativo, de carácter não-experimental, com o objetivo de perceber
como é que a Extroversão e o Neuroticismo se correlacionam com as Funções
Executivas (memória de trabalho, inibição, flexibilidade cognitiva e raciocínio abstrato)
em adultos jovens (estudantes universitários) e verificar se existem diferenças
significativas no rendimento dos testes neuropsicológicos, entre indivíduos com níveis
altos e baixos de Extroversão e Neuroticismo. Foi recolhida uma amostra de 30
participantes, entre os quais 22 do sexo feminino e 8 do sexo masculino, com idades
compreendidas entre os 18 e 26 anos. Os instrumentos administrados pretenderam
avaliar a Extroversão e Neuroticismo e suas facetas e memória de trabalho, inibição,
flexibilidade cognitiva e raciocinio abstrato. Confirmou-se que existem correlações
entre a faceta da extroversão (assertividade) e inibição e verificou-se que, existem
diferenças entre grupos da faceta da extroversão (assertividade) no desempenho da
tarefa de inibição e entre os grupos da faceta da extroversão (emoções positivas) no
desempenho da tarefa de memória de trabalho. Encontraram-se ainda diferenças
entre grupos de neuroticismo no desempenho da tarefa de inibição. Não foram
encontradas correlações e diferenças nas outras dimensões e facetas. Apesar dos
nossos resultados obtidos neste estudo não nos permitirem concluir que as FE se
relacionam com a Extroversão e Neuroticismo, podemos verificar que é possível
demonstrar a tendência dessa relação.
The Personality results from a dynamic organization of the psychological processes that are developed throughout the educational process, allowing the establishment of a synthesis of all the elements that interfere with the subject's psychobiological development. Executive Functions are crucial when new situations arise in which adaptation and flexibility of behavior is required, thus intervening in the dynamic organization of each subject's psychophysiological system. This investigation is an empirical study, with a quantitative cross-sectional design, of a non-experimental nature, with the objective of understanding how Extroversion and Neuroticism are correlated with Executive Functions (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning) in young adults (university students) and to verify if there are significant differences in the performance of neuropsychological tests, between individuals with high and low levels of Extraversion and Neuroticism. A sample of 30 participants was collected, including 22 females and 8 males, aged between 18 and 26 years. The instruments administered were intended to assess Extroversion and Neuroticism and its facets and working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning. It was confirmed that there are correlations between the extroversion facet (assertiveness) and inhibition and it was found that there are differences between groups of the extroversion facet (assertiveness) in the performance of the inhibition task and between the groups of the extraversion facet (positive emotions) in the performance of the working memory task. Differences were also found between neuroticism groups in the performance of the inhibition task. No correlations and differences were found in other dimensions and facets. Although our results obtained in this study do not allow us to conclude that EF are related to Extroversion and Neuroticism, we can verify that it is possible to demonstrate the tendency of this relationship.
The Personality results from a dynamic organization of the psychological processes that are developed throughout the educational process, allowing the establishment of a synthesis of all the elements that interfere with the subject's psychobiological development. Executive Functions are crucial when new situations arise in which adaptation and flexibility of behavior is required, thus intervening in the dynamic organization of each subject's psychophysiological system. This investigation is an empirical study, with a quantitative cross-sectional design, of a non-experimental nature, with the objective of understanding how Extroversion and Neuroticism are correlated with Executive Functions (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning) in young adults (university students) and to verify if there are significant differences in the performance of neuropsychological tests, between individuals with high and low levels of Extraversion and Neuroticism. A sample of 30 participants was collected, including 22 females and 8 males, aged between 18 and 26 years. The instruments administered were intended to assess Extroversion and Neuroticism and its facets and working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning. It was confirmed that there are correlations between the extroversion facet (assertiveness) and inhibition and it was found that there are differences between groups of the extroversion facet (assertiveness) in the performance of the inhibition task and between the groups of the extraversion facet (positive emotions) in the performance of the working memory task. Differences were also found between neuroticism groups in the performance of the inhibition task. No correlations and differences were found in other dimensions and facets. Although our results obtained in this study do not allow us to conclude that EF are related to Extroversion and Neuroticism, we can verify that it is possible to demonstrate the tendency of this relationship.
Palavras-chave
Personalidade, Extroversão, Neuroticismo, Funções executivas, Memória de trabalho, Inibição, Flexibilidade cognitiva, Raciocínio abstrato
Tipo de Documento
Dissertação de mestrado
Versão da Editora
Dataset
Citação
Fonseca, S. C. R. M. (2021). Personalidade e funções executivas em estudantes universitários. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3800
Identificadores
TID
202926729
Designação
Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Tipo de Acesso
Acesso Aberto