Análise das cláusulas abusivas em contratos de financiamento na aquisição de veículos no direito brasileiro e no direito português
Date
2022-11-11
Embargo
Authors
Advisor
Coadvisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Language
Portuguese
Alternative Title
Abstract
A presente pesquisa científica tem por objetivo investigar a natureza e
consequências das cláusulas abusivas juntamente com o surgimento e as
características dos contratos padronizados, normalmente chamados como
contratos de adesão, tutelados pelo Direito brasileiro e Direito português,
examinando ainda as razões que estão na origem e proliferação destas. Tem
ainda por finalidade analisar por que as cláusulas abusivas estão cada vez mais
presentes na esfera da sociedade de consumo, principalmente no que tange
aos contratos de financiamento de veículos automotores com prazo extenso. E
ainda quais as medidas cabíveis contra este tipo vício, podemos destacar: a
ação revisional de contrato, a ação declaratória de nulidade de cláusula
contratual no Direito brasileiro e ação inibitória no Direito português. Iniciaremos
com breve evolução histórica dos contratos e os motivos que levaram a
necessidade de criação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor Brasileiro, além
de uma explanação dos princípios básicos que norteiam o Código de Defesa
do Consumidor Brasileiro e a legislação portuguesa relacionada ao consumo,
bem como uma breve análise de como funciona um contrato de adesão.
Mostraremos ainda que há situações que não são acolhidas pela legislação
atual, talvez pelas ausências de medidas extrajudiciais e judiciais adequadas
ou ainda mais rígidas para que as instituições financiadoras não se utilizem
desse tipo de artifício para gerar onerosidade excessiva beneficiando o
fornecedor e trazendo prejuízos ao consumidor, figuras estas integrantes da
relação contratual. A relação de consumo, no que tange o tema contratos, deve
ser equilibrada e justa, com equidade, ou seja, não deve trazer danos ou
prejuízos a nenhuma das partes envolvidas no contrato. A diversidade e
expansão das atividades econômicas e o capitalismo desenfreado com intuito
principal de obter lucro, bem como a inevitável imposição de termos contratuais
favoráveis às empresas mais fortes é uma das resultantes da concentração
empresarial e do aumento do poder dos empresários; vale dizer, é uma
consequência da ampliação da desigualdade negocial, da vulnerabilidade dos
mais fracos, falta de conhecimento e da padronização contratual generalizada,
em todos os âmbitos da contratação, mesmo fora das relações de consumo.
Assim, os contratos de adesão ganham uma recíproca conexão com o
fenômeno das cláusulas abusivas cada vez mais presente em contrato de
crédito ao consumo e evidencia-se que estão presentes tanto em contratos de
natureza civil como em contratos empresariais de natureza consumerista.
The present scientific research aims to investigate the nature and consequences of abusive clauses together with the emergence and characteristics of standardized contracts, usually called adhesion contracts, protected by Brazilian law and Portuguese law, also examining the reasons that are in the origin and proliferation of these. It also aims to analyze why abusive clauses are increasingly present in the sphere of consumer society, especially with regard to long-term automotive vehicle financing contracts. : The contract revision action, the declaratory action of nullity of contractual clause in Brazilian law and injunction action in Portuguese law. We will start with a brief historical evolution of the contracts and the reasons that led to the need to create the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code, as well as an explanation of the basic principles that guide the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code and Portuguese legislation related to consumption, as well as a brief analysis of how an adhesion contract works. We will also show that there are situations that are not accepted by current legislation, perhaps due to the absence of adequate or even more rigid extrajudicial and judicial measures so that funding institutions do not use this type of artifice to generate excessive onerosity, benefiting the supplier and bringing losses to the consumer. , figures that are part of the contractual relationship. The consumer relationship, with regard to contracts, must be balanced and fair, with equity, that is, it must not cause damage or harm to any of the parties involved in the contract. The diversity and expansion of economic activities and unbridled capitalism with the main objective of making a profit, as well as the inevitable imposition of contractual terms favorable to the strongest companies, is one of the results of business concentration and the increase in the power of entrepreneurs; In other words, it is a consequence of the increase in negotiation inequality, the vulnerability of the weakest, lack of knowledge and generalized contractual standardization, in all areas of contracting, even outside consumer relations. Thus, adhesion contracts gain a reciprocal connection with the phenomenon of abusive clauses increasingly present in consumer credit contracts and it is evident that they are present both in civil contracts and in business contracts of a consumerist nature.
The present scientific research aims to investigate the nature and consequences of abusive clauses together with the emergence and characteristics of standardized contracts, usually called adhesion contracts, protected by Brazilian law and Portuguese law, also examining the reasons that are in the origin and proliferation of these. It also aims to analyze why abusive clauses are increasingly present in the sphere of consumer society, especially with regard to long-term automotive vehicle financing contracts. : The contract revision action, the declaratory action of nullity of contractual clause in Brazilian law and injunction action in Portuguese law. We will start with a brief historical evolution of the contracts and the reasons that led to the need to create the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code, as well as an explanation of the basic principles that guide the Brazilian Consumer Defense Code and Portuguese legislation related to consumption, as well as a brief analysis of how an adhesion contract works. We will also show that there are situations that are not accepted by current legislation, perhaps due to the absence of adequate or even more rigid extrajudicial and judicial measures so that funding institutions do not use this type of artifice to generate excessive onerosity, benefiting the supplier and bringing losses to the consumer. , figures that are part of the contractual relationship. The consumer relationship, with regard to contracts, must be balanced and fair, with equity, that is, it must not cause damage or harm to any of the parties involved in the contract. The diversity and expansion of economic activities and unbridled capitalism with the main objective of making a profit, as well as the inevitable imposition of contractual terms favorable to the strongest companies, is one of the results of business concentration and the increase in the power of entrepreneurs; In other words, it is a consequence of the increase in negotiation inequality, the vulnerability of the weakest, lack of knowledge and generalized contractual standardization, in all areas of contracting, even outside consumer relations. Thus, adhesion contracts gain a reciprocal connection with the phenomenon of abusive clauses increasingly present in consumer credit contracts and it is evident that they are present both in civil contracts and in business contracts of a consumerist nature.
Keywords
Cláusulas abusivas, Contrato de adesão, Contratos de financiamento, Leasing, Locação financeira
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Sá, J. M. U. (2022). Análise das cláusulas abusivas em contratos de financiamento na aquisição de veículos no direito brasileiro e no direito português [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4553
Identifiers
TID
203138112
Designation
Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Open Access