A perceção dos professores sobre a Educação Sexual nas escolas: estudo qualitativo com professores do 3.º ciclo.
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2013-05
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Portuguese
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Já há muitos anos que a sexualidade e a sua abordagem deixou de ser um tema omitido pela nossa
sociedade. Inclusivamente, nos últimos anos, tem assumido uma posição mais activa pois, aos poucos, a
sociedade foi-se apercebendo da necessidade de a exaltar para um melhor desenvolvimento dos
indivíduos. Como é sabido, são vários os elementos que influenciam a sexualidade dos sujeitos, entre eles
a escola. Assim, sabendo que a educação sexual se tornou tema obrigatório em ambiente escolar ao nível
das áreas curriculares disciplinares e não disciplinares e tendo em conta que os professores são
reconhecidos como um dos principais agentes de incitação de saberes e valores, e, que no que respeita à
abordagem da educação sexual, é-lhes conferida uma certa ‘margem de manobra’ no planeamento e
execução da temática, tornou-se importante, não só perceber qual a percepção de docentes acerca da
inclusão da temática em meio escolar, como entender a sua perspectiva sobre a influência das
características pessoais e envolventes nas suas escolhas para o seu desenvolvimento em contexto escolar.
Para o efeito, no final do ano lectivo de 2010/2011, desenvolveram-se três entrevistas semi-estruturadas a
professores de um dado estabelecimento de ensino da zona centro norte de Portugal Continental, que
tivessem abordado a temática com os seus alunos.
Depois de analisados os dados, através do método qualitativo de análise de conteúdo, percebemos que,
apesar de todos os participantes terem concordado com a abordagem da temática no contexto escolar, os
três fazem subentender uma abordagem ‘forçada’ pelo carácter obrigatório do Programa de Educação
Sexual, incluído na Educação para a Saúde, e por todas as diretrizes que este programa incita e não por a
acharem tão importante ao ponto de a incluírem por vontade própria. Por exemplo, sentem-se ‘obrigados’
a abordá-la nas disciplinas cujos conteúdos curriculares compreendam a componente biológica da
sexualidade; ‘coagidos’ pela docência da Formação Cívica, bem como pelo cargo de director de turma.
Depreendeu-se também que, para além da interferência das características e opiniões pessoais, apesar de
alguns argumentarem ter uma conduta neutra, existem outros factores que podem influenciar a abordagem
dos docentes neste âmbito, como sejam: a opinião dos pais, a religião dos alunos, entre outros. No entanto
percebeu-se ainda que os docentes que abordavam a educação sexual ao nível da sua unidade curricular,
integrada na componente de transversalidade designada pela legalidade, não procederam a qualquer
adaptação ou actividade específica para abordar o tema na unidade curricular pela qual eram
responsáveis. Constatou-se sim que os docentes subentendiam algumas das suas temáticas curriculares
como temas previstos para a educação sexual e assim já estariam implicitamente a abordá-la.
For many years sexuality and its approach is no longer an issue overlooked by our society. Even in recent years as assumed a more active position, slowly, the society began to understand the need to exalt for a better development of the individuals. Has its well-known, there are several elements that influence the subjects sexuality among them the school. So, knowing that sexual education has become a mandatory subject in the school environment in terms of subject areas and not disciplinary, knowing that teachers are recognized as one of the main agents of inciting knowledge and values and, as regards approach to sexual education, they are given a certain 'margin of maneuver' in the planning and execution of the theme, it’s important not only understand the perception of teachers on the inclusion of the issue of sexual education in schools, how to understand their perspective about influence of personal characteristics and engaging in their choices for their development in the school context. For this purpose at the end of the academic year 2010/2011, were developed three semi-structured interviews with teachers of an educational institution of the central north of Portugal, who had approached the topic with their students. After analyzing the data, using the method of qualitative content analysis, we realized, even that all the participants say that they agree with the thematic approach, the three suggest the ‘forced’ approach by the mandatory Program of Sexual Education, included on the Education for Health, and for all the guidelines and not for the importance of including them for free will. For example, is understood that teachers feel ‘obliged’ to address it in the disciplines whose curricular content comprehend a biological component of sexuality; ‘coerced’ by the teaching of Civics, as well as the position of the class director. It was also found, due to teachers’ discourses, although some argue having a neutral conduct many are the elements that interfere with them. Therefore, in addition to the personal characteristics, there are other factors that can influence their methodology in this field of activity, such as: parents opinions, religion of the students and their family, among others. It was still possible to check that the teachers who treat sexual education in terms of their courses, part of the transverse component designated by legality, say not to proceed to any adjustment or specific activity to address the issue in the course for which they are responsible. Thus, this fact allows to suppose that teachers underlie some of their curriculum subjects such matters provided for sexual education and so are already implicitly address it.
For many years sexuality and its approach is no longer an issue overlooked by our society. Even in recent years as assumed a more active position, slowly, the society began to understand the need to exalt for a better development of the individuals. Has its well-known, there are several elements that influence the subjects sexuality among them the school. So, knowing that sexual education has become a mandatory subject in the school environment in terms of subject areas and not disciplinary, knowing that teachers are recognized as one of the main agents of inciting knowledge and values and, as regards approach to sexual education, they are given a certain 'margin of maneuver' in the planning and execution of the theme, it’s important not only understand the perception of teachers on the inclusion of the issue of sexual education in schools, how to understand their perspective about influence of personal characteristics and engaging in their choices for their development in the school context. For this purpose at the end of the academic year 2010/2011, were developed three semi-structured interviews with teachers of an educational institution of the central north of Portugal, who had approached the topic with their students. After analyzing the data, using the method of qualitative content analysis, we realized, even that all the participants say that they agree with the thematic approach, the three suggest the ‘forced’ approach by the mandatory Program of Sexual Education, included on the Education for Health, and for all the guidelines and not for the importance of including them for free will. For example, is understood that teachers feel ‘obliged’ to address it in the disciplines whose curricular content comprehend a biological component of sexuality; ‘coerced’ by the teaching of Civics, as well as the position of the class director. It was also found, due to teachers’ discourses, although some argue having a neutral conduct many are the elements that interfere with them. Therefore, in addition to the personal characteristics, there are other factors that can influence their methodology in this field of activity, such as: parents opinions, religion of the students and their family, among others. It was still possible to check that the teachers who treat sexual education in terms of their courses, part of the transverse component designated by legality, say not to proceed to any adjustment or specific activity to address the issue in the course for which they are responsible. Thus, this fact allows to suppose that teachers underlie some of their curriculum subjects such matters provided for sexual education and so are already implicitly address it.
Keywords
Educação sexual, Alunos, Escola, Docentes, Sex education, Students, School, Teachers, TMPS
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Silva, J.M.D. (2013). A perceção dos professores sobre a Educação Sexual nas escolas: estudo qualitativo com professores do 3.º ciclo. Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia.
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Orientação: Prof.º Doutor Gil Nata.