Flexibilidade cognitiva e controlo inibitório em indivíduos com reserva cognitiva alta e baixa: um estudo comparativo
Date
2020-10-08
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Portuguese
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Abstract
A avaliação neuropsicológica é fundamental na avaliação do funcionamento cognitivo e análise de
diferenças entre indivíduos, sendo que ocorrem danos e défices ao longo da vida, traduzindo-se em
redes cerebrais menos eficazes, tendo uma influência nas funções executivas e piorando o recurso a
determinadas capacidades cognitivas, podendo a reserva cognitiva constituir-se um fator atenuante
deste impacto. Esta investigação constitui-se um estudo empírico, com um desenho transversal
quantitativo, de caráter não-experimental, com o objetivo de verificar se existem diferenças no
desempenho em tarefas que implicam inibição e flexibilidade cognitiva em função da reserva cognitiva
alta e baixa. Foi recolhida uma amostra total de 70 participantes, entre os quais 36 do sexo feminino e
34 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 50 e 85 anos. Os instrumentos administrados
pretenderam avaliar o nível de reserva cognitiva e as capacidades de inibição e flexibilidade cognitiva.
Confirmou-se a influência da RC, incluindo a escolaridade, nos desempenhos nas provas
neuropsicológicas administradas, verificando-se que quanto maior a reserva cognitiva e escolaridade,
melhor o desempenho neuropsicológico geral. Concomitantemente, segundo os resultados do estudo, a
idade parece ter uma influência menor nos desempenhos observando-se, ainda, que indivíduos de meiaidade apresentam um nível de RC superior e melhores desempenhos, comparativamente a indivíduos
de idade mais avançada. Assim, denota-se o papel da RC no processo de envelhecimento saudável,
sendo que o rendimento cognitivo poderá não estar totalmente relacionado de forma direta com a idade,
mas com a RC de cada indivíduo.
A neuropsychological evalution is essential for assessing the cognitive functioning and analyze differences between individuals, since occurs damage and deficits throughout life, translated into less effective brain networks, having an influence on the executive functions and worsening the resource to certain cognitive skills. The cognitive reserve can constitute a mitigation factor of this impact. This investigation it¶s described as an empirical study, with a quantitative cross-sectional design, nonexperimental character, with the aim of verify if there are differences in performance in tasks that imply inhibition and cognitive flexibility in high and low cognitive reserve. A total sample of 70 participants was collected, including 36 females and 34 males, aged between 50 and 85 years. The instruments administered intended to evaluate the level of cognitive reserve and the capacities of inhibition and cognitive flexibility. It was possible to confirm the influence of the cognitive reserve, including education level, on the performance of the neuropsychological tests administered, noting that higher cognitive reserve and education level, leads to better neuropsychological performance. According to the results of the study, age seems to have lesser influence on the performances of the individuals observed, even though it was showed that the individuals with middle age have higher levels of CR and better performances, compared to the ones with more advanced ages. Thus, the role of CR is shown in the healthy aging process, and cognitive performance may not be directly related to age, but with the CR of each individual.
A neuropsychological evalution is essential for assessing the cognitive functioning and analyze differences between individuals, since occurs damage and deficits throughout life, translated into less effective brain networks, having an influence on the executive functions and worsening the resource to certain cognitive skills. The cognitive reserve can constitute a mitigation factor of this impact. This investigation it¶s described as an empirical study, with a quantitative cross-sectional design, nonexperimental character, with the aim of verify if there are differences in performance in tasks that imply inhibition and cognitive flexibility in high and low cognitive reserve. A total sample of 70 participants was collected, including 36 females and 34 males, aged between 50 and 85 years. The instruments administered intended to evaluate the level of cognitive reserve and the capacities of inhibition and cognitive flexibility. It was possible to confirm the influence of the cognitive reserve, including education level, on the performance of the neuropsychological tests administered, noting that higher cognitive reserve and education level, leads to better neuropsychological performance. According to the results of the study, age seems to have lesser influence on the performances of the individuals observed, even though it was showed that the individuals with middle age have higher levels of CR and better performances, compared to the ones with more advanced ages. Thus, the role of CR is shown in the healthy aging process, and cognitive performance may not be directly related to age, but with the CR of each individual.
Keywords
Avaliação neuropsicológica, Envelhecimento saudável, Reserva cognitiva, Controlo inibitório, Flexibilidade cognitiva
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Rocha, V. A. O. (2020). Flexibilidade cognitiva e controlo inibitório em indivíduos com reserva cognitiva alta e baixa: um estudo comparativo. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3225
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TID
202525724
Designation
Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde
Access Type
Open Access