Government Policies for Promoting Financial and Fiscal Literacy: Evidence from a Questionnaire-Based Study

Abstract

This paper aims to assess the level of financial and tax literacy among the resident population in Portugal, as well as to evaluate their perception of existing public measures in this field. Financial literacy is a key pillar for individual development and for making informed economic decisions. Recent data indicate that Portugal lags behind the European average in this area, underscoring the importance of this research. Using a questionnaire applied to a representative sample of the Portuguese population, the data were analysed through statistical methods. The results reveal a reasonable level of knowledge in areas such as budgeting and saving, but also significant shortcomings in the tax domain. In a global context marked by economic, political, and geopolitical instability, financial literacy stands out as a strategic skill essential for both individual and collective resilience. A lack of competence in this area is linked to poor financial decisions, over-indebtedness, and economic exclusion. The findings underline the need for a more systematic and structured approach to financial literacy in Portugal. This study offers practical recommendations designed to promote a more informed, prepared, and financially inclusive population, thereby contributing to the country’s economic sustainability and development.