Pinho, Micaela
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Pinho
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Micaela
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Micaela Pinho
Biografia
Micaela Pinho é doutorada em Economia pela Escola de Economia e Gestão da Universidade do Minho. É Professora Associada na Universidade Portucalense e Professora Convidada na Universidade de Aveiro. Leciona unidades curriculares de Microeconomia e Macroeconomia. A sua principal área de investigação é Economia da Saúde. Tem inúmeros livros publicados de microeconomia, macroeconomia, estatística a economia industrial. Tem inúmeros artigos científicos publicados nas áreas da Economia da Saúde, sustentabilidade e turismo.
Afiliação:
REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies.
DEG - Departamento de Economia e Gestão.
Identificadores
AF14-3E2F-3400
23990998900
L-1789-2018Projetos de investigação
Unidades organizacionais
REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies
Centro de investigação que que tem como objetivo principal produzir e disseminar conhecimento teórico e aplicado que possibilite uma maior compreensão das dinâmicas e tendências económicas, empresariais, territoriais e tecnológicas do mundo contemporâneo e dos seus efeitos socioeconómicos. O REMIT adota uma perspetiva multidisciplinar que integra vários domínios científicos: Economia e Gestão; Ciências e Tecnologia; Turismo, Património e Cultura.
Founded in 2017, REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies is a research unit of Portucalense University. Based on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective it aims at responding to social challenges through a holistic approach involving a wide range of scientific fields such as Economics, Management, Science, Technology, Tourism, Heritage and Culture.
Grounded on the production of advanced scientific knowledge, REMIT has a special focus on its application to the resolution of real issues and challenges, having as strategic orientations:
- the understanding of local, national and international environment;
- the development of activities oriented to professional practice, namely in the business world.
67 resultados
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Publicação Acesso Aberto Ethical principles of justice in microallocation healthcare resources.2014 - Pinho, MicaelaIntroduction: In a context of scarcity prioritization patients is plagued with ethical dilemmas focusing on principles of efficiency and equity. To define reasonable criteria for microallocation decisions requires knowing the ethical principles of justice defended by society. Objectives: This study attempts to: 1) identify and compare the opinion of two groups of the Portuguese society - people in general and health professionals, about the personal characteristics of patients they value when prioritizing them; 2) understand the reasons behind that choice in order to fit them under efficiency or equity orientations. Methods: Using quantitative and qualitative methods a sample of 180 college students and 60 health professionals were studied. A questionnaire was developed with eleven hypothetical emergence scenarios. Respondents must decide and justify which patients to treat when only one bed is available. Patients are distinguished by personal characteristics summarized in three types: 1) inherent to the person (age, sex, race); 2) person’s relations with others in society (having children; marital status; economic status; labor status) and 3) person’s causal relation with illness (smoking, drinking). Results: Findings suggest the: 1) existence of significant differences in the choices made by both groups with health professionals to choose more often assign equal priority to patient’s; 2) coexistence of equity and utilitarianism orientations among both groups even though efficiency received the greatest support especially by health professionals. Conclusions: Results suggest the acceptance of social criteria in the microallocation of health resources primarily for utilitarianism reasons.Publicação Acesso Aberto Economic decisions on who to treat when resources are not enough for everyone: evidence from a Spanish survey2018-09 - Borges, Ana Pinto; Pinho, MicaelaObjective To analyze the attitudes of Spanish citizens towards the criteria that should be used as a guide to make decisions regarding the prioritization of patients, namely, medical, economic and person-based criteria. Methods An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 546 Spanish respondents. The questionnaire was made up of three questions. In the first two questions respondents faced a hypothetical rationing dilemma involving four patients (differentiated by personal characteristics and health conditions) where they were asked to: (i) choose only one patient to be treated and (ii) rank the patients’ assistance priority order. As for the third question, respondents were asked to state their level of agreement with 14 healthcare rationing criteria through a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multinomial regressions were used. Results Findings suggest that Spanish respondents support a plurality of views on the rationing principles on which healthcare microallocation decisions should be based. Despite the fact respondents support the idea that all patients should receive healthcare assistance equally, they also consider the age of the patient, as well as economic factors when establishing assistance priories among patients. Conclusions If it is not possible to provide health care assistance and treatments to all people, then age and economic factors should guide healthcare priority setting.Publicação Acesso Aberto Attitudes of health professionals concerning bedside rationing dilemas: A survey from Portugal2018-10-15 - Veiga, Pedro Mota; Pinho, MicaelaThis paper tests the factorial structure of a questionnaire comprising seven health care rationing criteria (waiting time, ‘rule of rescue’, parenthood of minors, health maximization, youngest first, positive and negative version of social merit) and explores the adherence to them of 254 Portuguese health care professionals, when considered individually and when confronted with two-in-two combinations. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire where respondents faced hypothetical rationing dilemmas comprising one rationing criterion and dichotomous options pairs with two rationing criteria. Confirmatory factor analysis and multinomial logistic regressions were used to validate the structure of the questionnaire and the data. The findings suggest that: (i) the hepta-factorial structure of the questionnaire presented a good fit of the data; and (ii) support for rationing criterion depends on whether they are individually considered or confronted in dichotomous options pairs. When only one criterion distinguishes the patients, healthcare professionals support six criteria (by descending order): waiting time, rule of rescue, health maximization, penalization of patients’ risky behaviors, youngest first and being parent of a young child. When two criteria were confronted, immediate threat of life/health and large expected benefits were the most preferred. Conversely, the positive version of social merit was an unappreciated rationing criterion.Publicação Acesso Restrito The bleisure tourism trend and the potential for this business-leisure symbiosis in Porto2021-03-31 - Pinho, Micaela; Marques, JorgeThe combination of business and leisure into one trip – bleisure – is becoming popular. This segment has received a strong boost, especially from Millennials. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the bleisure tourism phenomena and the potential for this business-leisure symbiosis in Porto. A mixedmethod approach was adopted through a Delphi technique to explore tourism stakeholder’s perceptions concerning both the city’s opportunities and strategies that should be followed to boost the bleisure tourism sector. The assets identified as very important for the development of bleisure tourism in the city were unique gastronomy, good wines, the historical center and local people’s hospitality. Nevertheless, improve human resource qualification, increase flight connections, enhance local heritage and urban regeneration and fostering collaboration networks between local stakeholders are strategic actions that merit more attention. Many studies have been conducted from the perspective of business tourism activities and impacts; few have been conducted from the bleisure tourism perspective and none have been conducted from the perspective of bleisure tourism in the city of Porto. This work represents the first attempt to elicit experts’ opinions about the potential of Porto to develop the bleisure tourism segment. This study aims to contribute to better understanding how destinations can take advantage of this niche segment of the tourism market, which kind of touristic assets can be valued and which specific destination attributes should be considered.Publicação Acesso Aberto The complex interface between healthcare resource allocation and ethics [abstract]2019-06 - Pinho, MicaelaIn a period of generalized pressures to reduce budgetary deficits, restrictions on the financing of the health sector are very common. Therefore, healthcare professionals begin to realize that resources are not enough for the needs, compelling them to make almost never easy decisions. Judgments about, which patient to treat implies several complex trade-offs and raise many ethical issues.Publicação Acesso Aberto Ethical principles of justice in microallocation healthcare resources.2015 - Borges, Ana; Cookson, Richard; Pinho, MicaelaIntroduction: The scarcity of resources which characterizes the Portuguese health system highlights the need for rationing. If rationing seems difficult at the macro level, it becomes hurtful and dramatic at the micro level, when it becomes necessary to prioritize patients. The ethical dilemmas triggered by this reality are related to the definition of the criteria to determine those priorities. Objectives: This quali-quantitative study explores and compares the views of health professionals and students in Portugal about the appropriate ethical principles for setting priorities between patients. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 180 college students and 60 health professionals. Respondents faced a hypothetical bedside rationing dilemma where they had to order four patients (differentiated by personal characteristics and health conditions) and justify their choices. Ordered logit regressions were used to test for differences in ordering and content analysis to categorize the justification of patient’s choices. Results and Discussion: Both groups appeared to support three main rationing principles: (i) health maximisation, (ii) priority to the severely ill and (iii) inter-generational equity. However, health professionals seemed to give greater weight to health maximization and less weight to equality in life expectancy. Conclusion: Although the two groups support a pluralistic viewpoint about how to establish priorities between patients, they do not seem to give the same weight to each ethical principle, a fact that may highlight tensions between how the public and health professionals want to prioritize the micro allocation of scarce resources.Publicação Acesso Restrito A shadowy negotiation involving dams and its fiscal and legal implications: A Portuguese case study2024-08-06 - Preto, Diana; Costa, Eva Dias; Pinho, MicaelaThis paper aims to explore the intricate and controversial sale of six hydroelectric dams in the Douro hydrographic basin by Energias de Portugal (EDP), a prominent Portuguese energy company, to a French Consortium – ENGIE. The transaction, completed at the end of 2020, has sparked significant debate and scrutiny within the Portuguese legal and fiscal spheres due to its corporate and budgetary manoeuvres. The crux of the controversy lies in the complex corporate restructuring strategies used by EDP and the acquiring consortium to execute this transaction. These strategies, aimed at achieving tax neutrality, effectively circumvented the traditional tax liabilities typically associated with large-scale asset transfers. The paper delves into the legal intricacies of this operation, scrutinising the application of taxes such as stamp duty, corporate income tax, value added tax and property transfer tax, which were, in theory, applicable to the transaction. Furthermore, this study examines the broader implications of the deal, particularly concerning the principle of tax neutrality in corporate restructurings, the enforcement of anti-abuse clauses and the economic substance over legal formdoctrine. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on secondary data supported by publicly reported evidence. Findings – This case study highlights the challenges in taxing corporate transactions in the modern financial landscape and reflects these corporate manoeuvres’ societal and ethical considerations. Originality/value – Through an analysis of legal frameworks, corporate strategies and tax policies, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the transaction and its implications, offering insights valuable to legal professionals, policymakers and scholars in corporate law, taxation and business ethics. Paper type Case studyPublicação Acesso Aberto Should lifestyles be a criterion for healthcare rationing? evidence from a portuguese survey2017 - Borges, Ana Pinto; Pinho, MicaelaBackground: We evaluated whether different personal responsibilities should influence the allocation healthcare resources and whether attitudes toward the penalization of risk behaviours vary among individual’s sociodemographic characteristics and health related habits. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: We developed an online survey and made it available on various social networks for six months, during 2015. The sample covered the population aged 18 yr and older living in Portugal and we got 296 valid answers. Respondents faced four lifestyle choices: smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, unhealthy diet and illegal drug use, and should decide whether each one is relevant when establishing healthcare priorities. Logistic regressions were used to explore the relation of respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and health related behaviours in the likelihood of agreeing with the patients engaged in risky behaviour deserve a lower priority. Results: Using illegal drugs was the behaviour most penalized (65.5%) followed by heavy drinkers (61.5%) and smoking (51.0%). The slight penalization was the unhealthy dieting (29.7%). The sociodemographic characteristics had different impact in penalization of the risks’ behaviours. Moreover, the respondents who support the idea that unhealthy lifestyles should have a lower priority, all strongly agreed that the smoking habit (OR=36.05; 95% CI: 8.72, 149.12), the unhealthy diets (OR=12.87; 95% CI: 3.21, 51.53), drink alcohol in excess (OR=20.51; 95% CI: 12.09, 85.46) and illegal drug use (OR=73.21; 95% CI: 9.78, 97.83) must have a lower priority in the access to healthcare. Conclusions: The respondents accept the notion of rationing healthcare based on lifestyles.Publicação Acesso Aberto Explaining sustainable-based tourism destination attractiveness through tourists changing travel behaviours and sustainable in-destination information [abstract]2023-06-23 - Gomes, Sofia; Pinho, MicaelaPurpose: The exponential development of the tourism industry had the merit of significantly encouraging economic growth while at the same time contributing to the degradation of the ecological environment of many tourism locations. The tourism industry has an enormous opportunity cost in terms of the intensive use of natural resources and the squandering of the planet in its various aspects. Sustainable tourism development has aroused practitioners, policymakers, and academic communities' wide interest. Since it is not intended to dispense with tourism, it is necessary to operationalize it in line with respect for the environment. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO, 2013) sustainable tourism fully considers its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities. The importance of sustainable tourism is highlighted in the 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development in its eighth, twelfth and fourteenth sustainable development goals. Currently, there seems to be a change in societies’ mindset towards environmental issues. People seem more aware of the consequences of planetary depletion in terms of climate change and health, and sustainability has become part of the dominant lexicon. In this context, the sustainable development of a territory can be closely related to its tourist attractiveness. Although, the concept of destination attractiveness has been widely investigated (Formica & Uysal, 2006; Gu et al., 2022) it remains to explore the determinants of sustainable-based tourism destination attractiveness. A behavioural perspective of the interplay between demand and supply indicates that people travel because they are either “pushed” by tourism motivations (internal and/or psychological forces) or “pulled” by external forces of the destination attributes (Uysal & Jurowski, 1994). The purpose of the present research is to explore whether two internal factors – the availability to change travelling behaviours, in general, and the availability to engage in sustainable travels, in particular along with an exogenous factor – the availability of information about in-destination sustainable practices, would explain the sustainable-based tourism destination attractiveness. Methodology: Data from 25711 participants from the 27 European Member States were used. The data were collected in October 2012 through the Flash Eurobarometer 499 – ‘Attitudes of Europeans towards Tourism’ (GESIS, 2022). The answers of four questions were used. The first question (question 1 of the survey) collected information about respondent’s availability to change their travelling behaviours through six items. The second question (question 5 of the survey) collected information concerning participant’s availability to engage in sustainable behaviours through nine items. The third question (question 7 of the survey) gathered respondent’s perception of available information concerning sustainable in-destination practices through six items. Finally, the last question (question 4 of the survey) collected participants’ interest in a destination through five items. The association between the first three variables (independent) and the fourth question (dependent) was explored through the application of the Partial Least Square method. Results: In general, respondents from the European Union were not available to change their travelling behaviours, and regarding sustainable travels they revealed only some availability to consume local products, reduce waste and take holidays outside the high season. Respondents found it easy to obtain information concerning sustainable practices in the destination except for the footprint of transport options. Moreover, we find evidence that respondents’ availability to engage in sustainable travel ( = 0.179; p <= 0.001), the availability of information ( = 0.07; p <= 0.001), and their willingness to change travelling behaviours ( = 0.062; p <= 0.001), were statistically significant in explaining the sustainable-based destination attractiveness. Originality: This study reports the first evidence, using a large sample, of the relation of pushed factors, translated into respondents’ motivations to change travelling behaviours, in general, and to engage in sustainable travels, particularly, and information sources as determinants of sustainable-based destination attractiveness.Publicação Acesso Restrito Healthcare professionals' attitudes concerning prioritisation decisions: a quali-quantitative analysis in Angola2021 - Borges, Ana Pinto; Pinho, MicaelaBedside rationing decisions are a necessary evil in the context of resource scarcity. The ethical values inherent in decisions about who to treat make interprofessional collaboration between health professionals essential. We evaluate and compare the attitudes of Angolan physicians and nurses towards patient’s prioritisation decisions and the rationing principles supported. Faced with rationing scenarios comprising of four-patient respondents should: 1) select the only patient to treat, explaining their choice; 2) establish a patient care sequential order. Non-parametric tests and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to compare patient’s choice between both groups and explore relations between socio-demographic, health and health-related behaviours and patient top priority assigned. Content analysis was used to explore the reasons for patients’ selection. Findings suggest that physicians and nurses share similar views, suggesting no tensions regarding patient’s prioritisation. Respondents support health maximisation, severity and fair-innings as rationing principles while waiting time and health-related behaviours were undervalued.