Vinculação e adição: Narrativas de indivíduos aditos.
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Date
2014-06
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Coadvisor
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Universidade Portucalense
Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
Konrad Lorenz, John Bowlby, Harry Harlow e Mary Ainsworth são alguns
dos nomes que se destacam quando falamos na teoria da vinculação. Esta
teoria, traz-nos um modelo explicativo dos laços criados entre a criança e a sua
figura prestadora de cuidados, e de que forma a qualidade destes laços vão
influenciar o desenvolvimento da criança. Podemos comprovar que a qualidade
destes laços e as experiencias precoces são de extrema relevância, estas
influenciam a perceção que o sujeito tem do self, as relações que o sujeito
estabelece com o meio também são afetadas, são ainda afetadas a confiança,
e a perceção do self quanto a capacidade de resposta dos outros significativos.
Na idade adulta a teoria da vinculação tem maior impacto nos
relacionamentos, tanto nas amizades como nas relações amorosas, onde se
destacam os modelos operantes internos, onde as representações internas
influenciam diretamente o funcionamento interpessoal. A análise da bibliografia
permitiu-nos verificar a existência de uma relação entre os estilos de vinculação
inseguros e o fenómeno da toxicodependência, pudemos comprovar ainda uma
correlação positiva entre o estilo de vinculação inseguro e o desenvolvimento
de perturbações psicopatológicas.
O principal objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as narrativas pessoais
de pacientes adictos, relativamente a sua rede de suporte social e a
importância dessa rede para os hábitos de consumo, sendo que para uma
melhor analise e interpretação dos dados, definimos quatro objetivos
específicos, são eles: (1) Identificar as figuras de vinculação e outras pessoas
significativas na infância, (2) Caracterizar a qualidade da relação com a figura
de vinculação e outras figuras significativas na infância, (3) Identificar a
perceção do individuo adicto relativamente a confiança, individualidade,
proximidade e tolerância a separação nas suas relações atuais e (4) Identificar
as perceções dos pacientes relativamente a importância dos “outros” para os
hábitos de consumo e recaídas.
Para este estudo recolhemos uma amostra de nove sujeitos, em regime
de internamento na Clinica do Outeiro S.A (valência de Valbom, Gondomar). A
amostra foi composta por sete sujeitos do sexo masculino, e dois do sexo
feminino. As idades dos participantes variam entre os 28 e 51 anos. Quanto ao percurso escolar, todos apresentavam um grau de instrução baixo, sendo que
apenas alguns intervenientes teriam terminado o nono ano de escolaridade.
Aquando da recolha dos dados a maioria dos sujeitos era solteiro. Para
poderem ser incluídos neste estudo os indivíduos teriam de estar em regime de
internamento na Clinica do Outeiro por um período mínimo previsto de
permanência de seis meses, desde o início da aplicação do questionário
sociodemográfico, e um diagnóstico de abuso ou dependência de substâncias
psicotrópicas.
Após a definição dos critérios de inclusão, foi pedido aos sujeitos o
consentimento informado, tendo este sido transmitido e explicado oralmente, foi
então explicado o objetivo do estudo e em que este consistia, tendo sido
garantida a partida a confidencialidade dos sujeitos ao longo do estudo. Foi
ainda pedida autorização para a gravação áudio das seções e explicado o
porquê deste procedimento.
Com este estudo pudemos concluir que um estilo de vinculação
inseguro influência negativamente o desenvolvimento do sujeito, tendo um
impacto determinante na confiança, na perceção do self, nos relacionamentos
interpessoais. Um estilo de vinculação inseguro pode levar ao surgimento de
psicopatologias tais como a depressão, distúrbios de personalidade e
ansiedade. A comunicação com as figuras de vinculação e outras figuras
significativas durante o programa de tratamento é fundamental. Os sujeitos
vêm a reaproximação destas figuras como prova de confiança e reforço
positivo, valorizando-se a este nível, as regalias tais como saídas e fins-de-
semana em casa. Por outro lado, as relações com o grupo de pares, é
apontada, frequentemente, como causa do início dos consumos, sendo os
“outros” também frequentemente apontados como causa das recaídas, ao
mostrarem o produto do consumo, ou ao oferecerem quando os sujeitos lhes
solicitam determinadas substâncias.
Através das partilhas feitas pelos participantes, pudemos ver que existe
uma clara transformação do padrão comportamental antes e pós entrada em
tratamento.
Konrad Lorenz, John Bowlby, Harry Harlow e Mary Ainsworth are some of the names that stand out when the subject is the attachment theory. This theory brings explanatory model for the bonds created between the child and the care giver, and how the quality of this ties will influence the development of the child. We can prove that the quality of this ties and the early experiences, are crucial, they influence the perception that the subject has bout the self, and the relations that this subject make with the surrounding environment. This early experiences have an impact in trust and, in the perception of capacity of response of significant others towards the self. In adulthood the attachment theory has a bigger impact in relationships, (friendship and love), where the internal working models stands out, the internal representations have direct influence in the interpersonal relationships. The analysis of the literature, allowed us to verify the existence of a relation between the insecure attachment styles and addiction, we could see a positive correlation between the insecure attachment style and the development of psychological pathologies. The main goal of this investigation project, is to analyses the personal narratives of addicted patients, regarding their social support net and the importance of this net for their consumption habits. For that reason we have defined four main specific objectives they are; (1) To identify the attachment figures and other significant others in the childhood; (2) To characterize the quality of the relationship with the attachment figures and significant others in childhood (3) To identify the self-perception of addicted patients about trust, individuality, proximity, and tolerance to separation issues in their current relationships (4) To identify the self-perception of addicted patients about the importance of “others” to consumption habits and relapses. For this study we collect a sample of nine subjects in inpatient treatment at Clinica do Outeiro (therapeutic community). This sample is composed by seven male subjects and two female subjects with ages between twenty eight and fifty one years old. The schooling level of the subjects is low and only a few had finished de ninth grade. When this data was collected the majority of the subjects was single. The inclusion criteria for being able to participate in this study the subjects must be an inpatient individual at therapeutic community of Clínica do Outeiro in Inpatient treatment for a period of six months and a diagnosis of drug abuse and/or dependence. After the definition of the inclusion criteria it was asked to the subjects the informed consent, it was done verbally and it was explained the aim of the study and what would be done in the sessions, all the confidentiality was granted to the subjects, and was also asked the authorization to record the audio from the sessions and it was explained why it would be necessary to do that. With this study we could see that an insecure attachment style will have a negative print on the development of the subject, it will have a direct impact on features like trust, self-perceptions and interpersonal relationships. Also, a insecure attachment style can cause psychopathology, as depression, personality disorders and anxiety. Communication with attachment figures and significant others is crucial, the subjects see the rapprochement of this figures as a proof of trust and positive reinforcement, appreciating at this level the perks, such as trips and weekends at home. On the other hand, the relationships with the peer group, is pointed as cause of firsts consumptions, being the “others” pointed as cause of relapses by showing the product of consumption or offering it when the subjects ask for some type of substances Through, the shares done in the interviews, we could see that there are a clear transformation of the compartmental pattern, from after entering in the program and after.
Konrad Lorenz, John Bowlby, Harry Harlow e Mary Ainsworth are some of the names that stand out when the subject is the attachment theory. This theory brings explanatory model for the bonds created between the child and the care giver, and how the quality of this ties will influence the development of the child. We can prove that the quality of this ties and the early experiences, are crucial, they influence the perception that the subject has bout the self, and the relations that this subject make with the surrounding environment. This early experiences have an impact in trust and, in the perception of capacity of response of significant others towards the self. In adulthood the attachment theory has a bigger impact in relationships, (friendship and love), where the internal working models stands out, the internal representations have direct influence in the interpersonal relationships. The analysis of the literature, allowed us to verify the existence of a relation between the insecure attachment styles and addiction, we could see a positive correlation between the insecure attachment style and the development of psychological pathologies. The main goal of this investigation project, is to analyses the personal narratives of addicted patients, regarding their social support net and the importance of this net for their consumption habits. For that reason we have defined four main specific objectives they are; (1) To identify the attachment figures and other significant others in the childhood; (2) To characterize the quality of the relationship with the attachment figures and significant others in childhood (3) To identify the self-perception of addicted patients about trust, individuality, proximity, and tolerance to separation issues in their current relationships (4) To identify the self-perception of addicted patients about the importance of “others” to consumption habits and relapses. For this study we collect a sample of nine subjects in inpatient treatment at Clinica do Outeiro (therapeutic community). This sample is composed by seven male subjects and two female subjects with ages between twenty eight and fifty one years old. The schooling level of the subjects is low and only a few had finished de ninth grade. When this data was collected the majority of the subjects was single. The inclusion criteria for being able to participate in this study the subjects must be an inpatient individual at therapeutic community of Clínica do Outeiro in Inpatient treatment for a period of six months and a diagnosis of drug abuse and/or dependence. After the definition of the inclusion criteria it was asked to the subjects the informed consent, it was done verbally and it was explained the aim of the study and what would be done in the sessions, all the confidentiality was granted to the subjects, and was also asked the authorization to record the audio from the sessions and it was explained why it would be necessary to do that. With this study we could see that an insecure attachment style will have a negative print on the development of the subject, it will have a direct impact on features like trust, self-perceptions and interpersonal relationships. Also, a insecure attachment style can cause psychopathology, as depression, personality disorders and anxiety. Communication with attachment figures and significant others is crucial, the subjects see the rapprochement of this figures as a proof of trust and positive reinforcement, appreciating at this level the perks, such as trips and weekends at home. On the other hand, the relationships with the peer group, is pointed as cause of firsts consumptions, being the “others” pointed as cause of relapses by showing the product of consumption or offering it when the subjects ask for some type of substances Through, the shares done in the interviews, we could see that there are a clear transformation of the compartmental pattern, from after entering in the program and after.
Keywords
Vinculação, Adição
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Morim, C.G.S.C. (2014). Vinculação e adição: Narrativas de indivíduos aditos. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal.
Identifiers
TID
201169150
Designation
Mestrado em Psicologia
Access Type
Open Access
Sponsorship
Orientação: Professora Doutora Ana Albertina Conde.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde.