A responsabilidade do estado brasileiro por violação aos direitos políticos do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Date
2021-05-14
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Coadvisor
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
A presente dissertação é fruto de pesquisa e análise crítica do caso concreto, julgado
pelos tribunais brasileiros, que resultou em indeferimento do registro de candidatura do
ex-Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, nas eleições presidenciais do Brasil no ano de
2018.
O texto foi elaborado com a preocupação de abstrair, o quanto possível, qualquer viés
político-partidário ou proselitismo a ideologias políticas de direita ou de esquerda.
Portanto, o objetivo foi realizar um estudo científico, isento e desapaixonado dos fatos e
do direito aplicado ao caso concreto para concluir se houve violação aos direitos políticos
do pretenso candidato e eventual responsabilidade do Estado Brasileiro perante a
sociedade internacional. Os capítulos iniciais tratam da parte teórica com a incursão
sobre os direitos humanos, os direitos fundamentais, com especial enfoque para os
direitos políticos, tanto sob a perspectiva do direito internacional, quanto do direito
interno, principalmente no que diz respeito à jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal,
relativamente à incorporação dos tratados e convenções internacionais ao ordenamento
jurídico brasileiro. Nos capítulos que seguem, é realizada a análise crítica dos
fundamentos utilizados nos julgamentos da cortes brasileiras, primeiramente, sob a ótica
do direito internacional, mais precisamente a prevalência dos princípios e propósitos da
Carta das Nações Unidas, a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
em matéria de violação aos direitos políticos; a adesão do Brasil ao Pacto Internacional
sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos e a polêmica a respeito de seu Protocolo facultativo;
alguns aspectos da Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados, no que toca aos
princípios da boa-fé e pacta sunt servanda; a natureza das manifestações do Comitê de
direitos humanos; a teoria da margem de apreciação; o controle de convencionalidade e
a interpretação pro homine, na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos
Humanos e da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos. Aborda-se, ainda, a questão sob o
enfoque do direito constitucional, com a evolução da jurisprudência brasileira em matéria
de direitos humanos, assim como o confronto entre o controle de constitucionalidade do
Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos ou controle de convencionalidade da
lei da ficha limpa. Ao final, apresentamos as conclusões sobre a violação aos direitos
políticos do pretenso candidato e suas consequências no cenário dos organismos
internacionais.
This dissertation is the result of research and critical analysis of the specific case, judged by the Brazilian courts, which resulted in the rejection of the candidacy record of former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in the presidential elections in Brazil in 2018. The text was prepared with the concern of abstracting, as much as possible, any politicalparty bias or porselitism to political ideologies of the right or left. Therefore, the objective was to carry out a scientific, impartial and dispassionate study of the facts and the law applied to the specific case in order to conclude if there was a violation of the alleged candidate's political rights and eventual responsibility of the Brazilian State before the international community. The opening chapters deal with the part theoretical with the incursion on human rights, fundamental rights, with a special focus on political rights both from the perspective of international law and domestic law, especially with regard to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Federal Court, regarding the incorporation of treaties and international conventions to the Brazilian legal system. In the chapters that follow, a critical analysis of the grounds used in the judgments of Brazilian courts is carried out, first, from the perspective of international law, more precisely the prevalence of the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter, the jurisprudence of the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights regarding violations of political rights; Brazil's adherence to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the controversy regarding its optional Protocol; some aspects of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, with regard to the principles of good faith and pacta sunt servanda; the nature of the Human Rights Committee's manifestations; the margin of appreciation theory; conventionality control and pro homine interpretation, in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights. It also addresses the issue from the standpoint of constitutional law, with the evolution of Brazilian jurisprudence in the field of human rights, as well as the confrontation between the control of constitutionality of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the control of conventionality of the clean sheet law. At the end, we present the conclusions on the violation of the alleged candidate's political rights and their consequences on the scene of international organizations.
This dissertation is the result of research and critical analysis of the specific case, judged by the Brazilian courts, which resulted in the rejection of the candidacy record of former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in the presidential elections in Brazil in 2018. The text was prepared with the concern of abstracting, as much as possible, any politicalparty bias or porselitism to political ideologies of the right or left. Therefore, the objective was to carry out a scientific, impartial and dispassionate study of the facts and the law applied to the specific case in order to conclude if there was a violation of the alleged candidate's political rights and eventual responsibility of the Brazilian State before the international community. The opening chapters deal with the part theoretical with the incursion on human rights, fundamental rights, with a special focus on political rights both from the perspective of international law and domestic law, especially with regard to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Federal Court, regarding the incorporation of treaties and international conventions to the Brazilian legal system. In the chapters that follow, a critical analysis of the grounds used in the judgments of Brazilian courts is carried out, first, from the perspective of international law, more precisely the prevalence of the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter, the jurisprudence of the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights regarding violations of political rights; Brazil's adherence to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the controversy regarding its optional Protocol; some aspects of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, with regard to the principles of good faith and pacta sunt servanda; the nature of the Human Rights Committee's manifestations; the margin of appreciation theory; conventionality control and pro homine interpretation, in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights. It also addresses the issue from the standpoint of constitutional law, with the evolution of Brazilian jurisprudence in the field of human rights, as well as the confrontation between the control of constitutionality of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the control of conventionality of the clean sheet law. At the end, we present the conclusions on the violation of the alleged candidate's political rights and their consequences on the scene of international organizations.
Keywords
Direitos políticos, Teoria da margem de apreciação, Princípio pro homine, Controle e convencionalidade, Controle de constitucionalidade
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Castro, W. C. P. (2021). A responsabilidade do estado brasileiro por violação aos direitos políticos do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3518
Identifiers
TID
202729184
Designation
Mestrado em Direito
Access Type
Open Access