Crenças de autoeficácia e perceção do apoio social na transição do ensino superior para o mundo do trabalho: Estudo de caso em estudantes finalistas.
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Date
2015-07
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Universidade Portucalense
Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
Este trabalho tem como motes primordiais oferecer contributos para uma
melhor compreensão da transição para o mundo do trabalho dos estudantes
universitários em fase final de ciclo de estudos, analisar a confiança destes
alunos no que diz respeito à sua empregabilidade após terminarem o ano
letivo, entender as suas expectativas e verificar qual a importância atribuída ao
suporte social neste processo.
Segundo Bandura (1997), a persuasão verbal e as influências sociais
são elementos que concedem ao individuo esclarecimento sobre a perceção
que os outros têm das suas capacidades. Do ponto de vista das possibilidades
de uso da investigação da autoeficácia em Orientação Profissional, Betz e
Borgen (2000) e mais recentemente Teixeira e Gomes (2005) afirmam que
esse construto funciona como um mediador do comportamento de escolha.
Neste estudo, assente no modelo hipotético-dedutivo, é atribuído ênfase
ao apoio social percebido pelos indivíduos que vivenciam a transição para o
mercado de trabalho, assim sendo, todas as referências que faremos a apoio
social, referem-se ao apoio social percebido pelo individuo.
A amostra do estudo apresentado é constituída por 239 estudantes
universitários finalistas, de ambos os géneros, dos cursos de licenciatura e de
mestrado de Educação Física e Desporto do Instituto Superior da Maia –
ISMAI. Os instrumentos utilizados neste estudo são a Escala de Autoeficácia
para o Trabalho (AETT; Vieira & Coimbra, 2005), a Escala de Apoio Social
(SSA; Antunes e Fontaine, 1994/1995) e o Inventário Demográfico e
Vocacional (IDV; Souza & Costa Lobo, 2011). O tratamento dos dados colhidos
envolveu recurso ao Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS), na sua versão 20.0, no sentido de realizar a análise descritiva das
variáveis quantitativas, a análise de frequência das variáveis qualitativas, bem
como a análise bivariada para testar as hipóteses de investigação formuladas.
Como verificado por Bowers, Dickeman & Fuqua, (2001) os sujeitos aqui
estudados, sugerem não acreditar que somente a preparação académica os
garante um emprego apos o término dos estudos, mas que outros factores
estão envolvidos, tornando então esta uma situação mais complexa.
Este estudo, na sequência do trabalho de Vieira e Coimbra (2006),
aponta para a utilidade das instituições oferecerem programas de assistência
aos alunos para que se sentissem mais seguros nesta fase de transição do
estudo ao mercado de trabalho. Os resultados deste estudo, na sequência do
estudo de Sarrico (2013), no que respeita à empregabilidade dos licenciados,
dá uma perspetiva muito otimista, já que 96% dos estudantes, afirmaram
estarem no curso de sua 1ª opção. Assim, segundo o referido estudo, o
número de colocados em 1ª opção face ao número total de colocados está
associado a menor desemprego, podendo então ter uma perspetiva otimista.
Destaca-se que 71% dos alunos perspetivam positivamente a aceitação de
uma vaga de emprego no estrangeiro, o que é convergente com as conclusões
de Cardoso, Escária, Ferreira, Madruga, Raimundo e Varanda, (2013) no que
diz respeito à problemática da migração de diplomados.
Os resultados a nivel de autoeficácia para a procura de emprego, foram
analisados e discutidos tendo em conta que não temos a informação se
estamos perante um quadro de desemprego voluntário, ou se, por outro lado, é
um cenário causado pela falta de vagas de emprego. O facto de pesquisas
longitudinais recentes de Lent (2011, 2013), pesquisas realizadas com
amostras de graduados do ensino superior, indicarem que a escolha
ocupacional pode ser guiada pela acessibilidade das ocupações concretas,
pela autoeficácia e pelas expectativas de resultados, mais do que pelos
interesses vocacionais, fez-nos aumentar a percepção da utilidade de
prosseguir a análise destas variáveis, em abordagens longitudinais, para
perceber o real impacto destes factores neste contexto social.
This work has as main motes offer contributions to a better understanding of the transition to the labor market of college students in the final phase of the course, students analyze their confidence with regard to their employability after finishing the school year, understand the your expectations and check what is the importance attributed to social support in this process. According to Bandura (1997), verbal persuasion and social influence are elements which give the individual insight into the perception that others have of their capabilities. From the point of view of the possible use of self-efficacy research in vocational guidance, Betz and Borgen (2000) and more recently Teixeira and Gomes (2005) argue that this construct acts as a mediator of choice behavior. The sample of the present study consists of 239 finalists university students, of both genders, of undergraduate and Masters of Physical Education and Sport Higher Institute of Maia - Maia. The instruments used in this study are the Self- Efficacy Scale for Work (AETT; Vieira & Coimbra, 2005), the Social Support Scale (SSA; Antunes and Fontaine, 1994/1995) and the Demographic and Vocational Inventory (IDV; Souza & Costa Lobo, 2011). The treatment of collected data involved use of software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), in its version 20.0, in order to conduct a descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables, the frequency analysis of qualitative variables and the bivariate analysis to test the hypotheses formulated research. As noted by Bowers, Dickeman & Fuqua, (2001) the subjects studied here, suggest not believe that only the academic preparation guarantees a job after completing their studies, but that other factors are involved, so making this a more complex situation. This study, following the work of Vieira and Coimbra (2006), points to the usefulness of institutions offering programs assisting students to make them feel safer in this transitional phase of the study to the labor market. The results of this study, following the study of Sarrico (2013), with regard to the employability of graduates, gives a very optimistic perspective, since 96% of students said they were in the course of your 1st choice. Thus, according to the study, the number of placed 1st option compared to the total number of placed is associated with lower unemployment and you can then have an optimistic perspective. It is noteworthy that 71% of students perspetivam positively accepting a job vacancy abroad, which is convergent with the findings of Cardoso, Escária, Ferreira, Madruga, Raimundo and Balcony (2013) with regard to the issue of migration of graduates. The results of the level of selfefficacy for seeking employment, were analyzed and discussed taking into account that we do not have information if we have a picture of voluntary unemployment, or if, on the other hand, is a scenario caused by lack of jobs. The fact that recent longitudinal surveys of Lent (2011, 2013), research conducted with samples of higher education graduates, indicate that occupational choice may be guided by the accessibility of specific occupations, by the self-efficacy and outcome expectations, rather than by vocational interests, made us raise awareness of the usefulness of continuing the analysis of these variables in longitudinal approaches to realize the real impact of these factors in this social context.
This work has as main motes offer contributions to a better understanding of the transition to the labor market of college students in the final phase of the course, students analyze their confidence with regard to their employability after finishing the school year, understand the your expectations and check what is the importance attributed to social support in this process. According to Bandura (1997), verbal persuasion and social influence are elements which give the individual insight into the perception that others have of their capabilities. From the point of view of the possible use of self-efficacy research in vocational guidance, Betz and Borgen (2000) and more recently Teixeira and Gomes (2005) argue that this construct acts as a mediator of choice behavior. The sample of the present study consists of 239 finalists university students, of both genders, of undergraduate and Masters of Physical Education and Sport Higher Institute of Maia - Maia. The instruments used in this study are the Self- Efficacy Scale for Work (AETT; Vieira & Coimbra, 2005), the Social Support Scale (SSA; Antunes and Fontaine, 1994/1995) and the Demographic and Vocational Inventory (IDV; Souza & Costa Lobo, 2011). The treatment of collected data involved use of software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), in its version 20.0, in order to conduct a descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables, the frequency analysis of qualitative variables and the bivariate analysis to test the hypotheses formulated research. As noted by Bowers, Dickeman & Fuqua, (2001) the subjects studied here, suggest not believe that only the academic preparation guarantees a job after completing their studies, but that other factors are involved, so making this a more complex situation. This study, following the work of Vieira and Coimbra (2006), points to the usefulness of institutions offering programs assisting students to make them feel safer in this transitional phase of the study to the labor market. The results of this study, following the study of Sarrico (2013), with regard to the employability of graduates, gives a very optimistic perspective, since 96% of students said they were in the course of your 1st choice. Thus, according to the study, the number of placed 1st option compared to the total number of placed is associated with lower unemployment and you can then have an optimistic perspective. It is noteworthy that 71% of students perspetivam positively accepting a job vacancy abroad, which is convergent with the findings of Cardoso, Escária, Ferreira, Madruga, Raimundo and Balcony (2013) with regard to the issue of migration of graduates. The results of the level of selfefficacy for seeking employment, were analyzed and discussed taking into account that we do not have information if we have a picture of voluntary unemployment, or if, on the other hand, is a scenario caused by lack of jobs. The fact that recent longitudinal surveys of Lent (2011, 2013), research conducted with samples of higher education graduates, indicate that occupational choice may be guided by the accessibility of specific occupations, by the self-efficacy and outcome expectations, rather than by vocational interests, made us raise awareness of the usefulness of continuing the analysis of these variables in longitudinal approaches to realize the real impact of these factors in this social context.
Keywords
Autoeficácia, Apoio social, Ensino superior, Empregabilidade, Inserção profissional, Transição escola-trabalho, Self-efficacy, Social support, Higher education, Employability, School-work transition
Document Type
Doctoral thesis
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Citation
Souza, A. M. T. N. B. (2015). Crenças de autoeficácia e perceção do apoio social na transição do ensino superior para o mundo do trabalho: Estudo de caso em estudantes finalistas. (Tese de Doutoramento), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1289.
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101430299
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Open Access
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Orientação: Prof. Doutora Cristina Costa Lobo e Prof. Doutora Paula Santana.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Educação.