Challenges and opportunities for heritage sustainable management: a case study on vandalism of built heritage in Jordan

Abstract

Vandalism poses a significant threat to the integrity and sustainability of heritage sites worldwide. While existing literature addressing heritage sites’ management provides useful insights, there is a gap in knowledge regarding specifically on vandalism in the Middle East. Hence, this study examines the phenomena of vandalism on Jordan's built heritage, focusing on: 1) types of vandalism; 2) motivations behind it; and 3) its impact on the site's integrity and sustainability. The research applied a qualitative approach and a comparative case study analysis of Petra, Jerash, and Machaerus fortresses. Data was collected through a rigorous review of existing literature, analysis of archival records, observations, and interviews. Results revealed that unwariness and delinquency are the critical reasons for vandalism, underscoring the urgent need for conservation strategies. The findings highlighted trends about the importance of community engagement, public awareness campaigns, and effective law enforcement in combating vandalism to safeguard Jordan's built heritage for future generations.