Responsabilidade internacional por violação de direitos humanos de moradores de favelas no Rio de Janeiro
Date
2023-07-11
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
A investigação científica é produto da inquietação acadêmica frente à decisão judicial
do Supremo Tribunal Federal limitadora da atuação das polícias nas favelas do Rio de
Janeiro à situações excepcionais durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O fato base foi a
propositura de ação de controle de constitucionalidade por partido político, em razão de
contrariedade com o modelo de segurança pública implementado pelo partido político
eleito para o Poder Executivo no Estado. Como argumento essencial para ingressar em
juízo, o autor anunciou a alta letalidade na persecução penal de crimimosos organizados
em torno do tráfico de drogas e armas, optando pela restrição da atuação das forças de
segurança pública em favelas. Aparentemente, a discussão envolveria somente direitos
fundamentais no plano nacional. Ocorre que o Brasil foi responsabilizado
internacionalmente pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em 2017. O motivo
da condenação internacional foi a prestação judicial ineficiente na investigação e
julgamento de vinte e seis homicídios e três abusos sexuais ocorridos durante duas
operações policiais na Favela Nova Brasília em 1994 e 1995. Partindo dessas
premissas, o objetivo do trabalho é questionar a viabilidade de nova responsabilização
internacional do Estado brasileiro por prestação judicial insuficiente e discriminatória dos
direitos humanos à segurança pública dos moradores de favelas diante das contenções
impostas pela decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Como ferramenta de pesquisa
documental, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica, análise jurisprudencial e balanço de dados
estatísticos para deduzir aspectos teóricos e concretos envolvidos no dilema entre a
proteção à vida frente à prestação integral do direito à segurança pública a todos os
indivíduos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, conduziu-se pela história da
formação, pela geografia e pelas interações populacionais nas favelas com foco
ampliado na Favela Nova Brasília, recolheram-se informações sobre a operação policial
ocorrida lá na década de noventa, examinou-se o controle de constitucionalidade no
país, observaram-se os sistemas global e regionais de proteção aos direitos humanos,
e sintetizou-se o regime da responsabilidade internacional do Estado por atos ilícitos e
por violações aos direitos humanos. Na sequência, ingressando na avaliação de parte
dos pedidos formulados pelo autor da demanda, explorou-se o controle das forças
policiais pela justiça, exteriorizou-se o regramento para o monopólio do emprego da
força policial, citaram-se dados sobre a letalidade violenta, descreveu-se a oposição à atividade policial, revolveu-se a vitimização do criminoso com o decorrente
fortalecimento de organizações criminosas. Em acréscrimo, partindo de investigações
estrangeiras, perquiriu-se a vialidade do uso de câmeras corporais em fardas e viaturas
policiais a partir do sistema normativo e da realidade brasileira. Ao fim, exteriorizou-se
a essencialidade de cooperação entre os responsáveis pela persecução penal para a
garantia de proteção dos indivíduos, reconheceu-se a segurança pública como um dos
direitos humanos e avaliou-se o viés da proibição da proteção insuficiente por factos
judiciais. Em consequência, compreendeu-se que esses tipos de violações dos direitos
humanos indicaria responsabilidade internacional do Brasil no sistema regional
interamericano em nova oportunidade. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a Corte
Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pode julgar o Estado por proteção jurisdicional
insuficiente e por violação ao direito à segurança pública e à não discriminação dos
moradores de favelas.
The scientific investigation is a product of academic uneasiness in face of the Federal Supreme Court's judicial decision limiting police actions in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro to exceptional situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The basic fact was the filing of a constitutionality control lawsuit by a political party, due to its opposition to the public security model implemented by the political party elected for the Executive Power in the State. As an essential argument for filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff announced the high lethality in the prosecution of criminals organized around drug and weapons trafficking, opting for the restriction of the actions of public security forces in favelas. Apparently, the discussion would involve only fundamental rights at the national level. However, Brazil was held internationally responsible by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2017. The reason for the international condemnation was the inefficient judicial provision in the investigation and trial of twenty-six homicides and three sexual abuses that occurred during two police operations in the Favela Nova Brasilia in 1994 and 1995. Based on these premises, the objective of this scientific investigation is to question the viability of a new international accountability of the Brazilian State for insufficient and discriminatory judicial provision of human rights to public security for favelas dwellers in the face of the restraints imposed by the Supreme Court decision. As a documentary research tool, a literature review, jurisprudential analysis, and statistical data analysis were carried out to deduce theoretical and concrete aspects involved in the dilemma between the protection of life and the full provision of the right to public security for all individuals in the State of Rio de Janeiro. For this purpose, the history of the formation, the geography, and the interactions of the population in the favelas were studied with an extended focus on the Nova Brasilia favela, information was gathered on the police operation that took place there in the nineties, the control of constitutionality in the country was examined, the global and regional systems for the protection of human rights were observed, and the regime of international responsibility of the state for unlawful acts and violations of human rights was summarized. Next, entering the evaluation of part of the requests made by the plaintiff, the control of the police forces by the courts was explored, the rules for the monopoly of the use of police force were exteriorized, data on violent lethality were cited, the opposition to police activity was described, and the victimization of the criminal was discussed, with the resulting strengthening of criminal organizations. In addition, based on foreign investigations, the feasibility of the use of body cameras in uniforms and police cars was investigated, based on the normative system and the Brazilian reality. At the end, the essential need for cooperation between the responsible parties was exteriorized.
The scientific investigation is a product of academic uneasiness in face of the Federal Supreme Court's judicial decision limiting police actions in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro to exceptional situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The basic fact was the filing of a constitutionality control lawsuit by a political party, due to its opposition to the public security model implemented by the political party elected for the Executive Power in the State. As an essential argument for filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff announced the high lethality in the prosecution of criminals organized around drug and weapons trafficking, opting for the restriction of the actions of public security forces in favelas. Apparently, the discussion would involve only fundamental rights at the national level. However, Brazil was held internationally responsible by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2017. The reason for the international condemnation was the inefficient judicial provision in the investigation and trial of twenty-six homicides and three sexual abuses that occurred during two police operations in the Favela Nova Brasilia in 1994 and 1995. Based on these premises, the objective of this scientific investigation is to question the viability of a new international accountability of the Brazilian State for insufficient and discriminatory judicial provision of human rights to public security for favelas dwellers in the face of the restraints imposed by the Supreme Court decision. As a documentary research tool, a literature review, jurisprudential analysis, and statistical data analysis were carried out to deduce theoretical and concrete aspects involved in the dilemma between the protection of life and the full provision of the right to public security for all individuals in the State of Rio de Janeiro. For this purpose, the history of the formation, the geography, and the interactions of the population in the favelas were studied with an extended focus on the Nova Brasilia favela, information was gathered on the police operation that took place there in the nineties, the control of constitutionality in the country was examined, the global and regional systems for the protection of human rights were observed, and the regime of international responsibility of the state for unlawful acts and violations of human rights was summarized. Next, entering the evaluation of part of the requests made by the plaintiff, the control of the police forces by the courts was explored, the rules for the monopoly of the use of police force were exteriorized, data on violent lethality were cited, the opposition to police activity was described, and the victimization of the criminal was discussed, with the resulting strengthening of criminal organizations. In addition, based on foreign investigations, the feasibility of the use of body cameras in uniforms and police cars was investigated, based on the normative system and the Brazilian reality. At the end, the essential need for cooperation between the responsible parties was exteriorized.
Keywords
Direitos Humanos, Segurança pública, Controle de constitucionalidade, Responsabilidade internacional do Estado, Proibição da proteção insuficiente
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Ehlers, F. C. M. (2023). Responsabilidade internacional por violação de direitos humanos de moradores de favelas no Rio de Janeiro [Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade Portucalense]. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/4914
Identifiers
TID
203493214
203493214
203493214
Designation
Mestrado em Direito Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Políticas
Access Type
Open Access