Influência da atenção e memória de curta duração na aprendizagem: Estudo de caso com perturbação do espetro autista
Date
2016-12-12
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Authors
Coadvisor
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
Enquadramento conceptual: As perturbações do espetro do autismo (PEA) são
perturbações neurodesenvolvimentais caraterizadas essencialmente por alterações na
comunicação, linguagem, interações sociais e autonomia, com um reduzido reportório a nível
de interesses e ensimesmamento. Mais especificamente, na dimensão neuropsicológica, a
PEA relaciona-se com alterações ao nível da atenção e memória. Assim, este estudo procurou
clarificar como se caraterizam os níveis de atenção e memória num adolescente autista com
Plano Educativo Individual (PEI). A importância deste estudo inscreve-se na dificuldade
demonstrada pelos indivíduos com PEA em aceder aos conteúdos curriculares, o que pode
estar relacionado com a sua capacidade de atenção e memória.
Objetivos: Medir e identificar caraterísticas particulares nos níveis de atenção (contínua e
alternada) e memória de curta duração num adolescente com PEA.
Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada foi do tipo qualitativo, particularmente o estudo de
caso. Participou neste estudo um adolescente de 14 anos com diagnóstico de PEA desde os 4
anos de idade. A avaliação da atenção contínua e alternada foi realizada com recurso às
provas A (atenção contínua) e B (atenção alternada) do Trail Making Test (TMT). A
avaliação da memória de curto prazo foi realizada com recurso ao subteste memória de
dígitos da WISC-III e à Figura Complexa de Rey (prova A). Para avaliar a atenção de modo
global recorreu-se aos subtestes código e pesquisa de símbolos da WISC-III. Além destas
ferramentas, foram recolhidas informações acerca do percurso pessoal e escolar do aluno
através de uma anamnese e de um questionário por via escrita e por via oral através de
entrevista estruturada realizada à mãe do adolescente. A professora de educação especial
também participou, cedendo informação documental como o PEI do aluno com referência à
CIF, bem como dados pertinentes e relevantes para o estudo.
Resultados: Em termos de atenção, J. apresenta várias caraterísticas próprias de um jovem
com PEA, nomeadamente, o fato de passar de tarefas incompletas para outras, ser difícil
terminar uma tarefa e ser também complicado este se manter atento e concentrado na sala da
aula. Já no que respeita à memória, J. apresenta as seguintes caraterísticas: dificuldade em
memorizar conteúdos visuais e auditivos, logo após serem mostrados e referidos; esquece-se
facilmente do que lhe é acabado de dizer, embora obtenha bons resultados na dimensão
memória de longa duração e a aprendizagem geral encontra-se prejudicada. Não se conseguiu
saber se esta é influenciada diretamente pelo défice das funções cognitivas avaliadas.
Conceptual framework: The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized primarily by changes in communication, language, social interaction and autonomy, with a reduced repertoire at the level of interest and self-absorption. More specifically, the neuropsychological dimension, the labor force is related to changes to the level of attention and memory. This study sought to clarify how to characterize the attention and memory levels in autistic teenager with Individual Education Plan (IEP). The importance of this study is part of the difficulty shown by individuals with ASD in access to curriculum content, which may be related to their ability to attention and memory. Objectives: Measure and identify particular characteristics in levels of care (direct and alternating) and short-term memory in adolescents with ASD. Methodology: The methodology used was qualitative, particularly the case study. Participated in this study, a 14 year old diagnosed with SAP since 4 years old. The assessment of direct and alternating attention was performed with use of evidence A (continuous care) and B (alternating attention) of the Trail Making Test (TMT). The evaluation of short-term memory was performed using the subtest digit memory of the WISC-III and Rey Complex Figure (evidence A). To evaluate the attention of globally resorted to the subtests code and symbol search the WISC-III. Beyond these assessments, information was gathered in order to complete an interview and a questionnaire through writing and orally through interview the teenager's mother. The special education teacher also participated, giving documentary information such as PEI student with reference to the CIF, as well as pertinent and relevant data for the study. Results: In terms of attention, J. has several own characteristics of a youth with ASD in particular fact pass incomplete tasks to others, be difficult to finish a task and also be complicated this stay alert and focused in the classroom. However, with respect to memory, J. presents the following characteristics: difficulty memorizing visual and audio content immediately after being displayed and recorded; forgets easily from what is just said, although get good results in the dimension of long-term memory is impaired and learning. It was not possible to know if this is directly influenced by the deficit of the assessed cognitive functions.
Conceptual framework: The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized primarily by changes in communication, language, social interaction and autonomy, with a reduced repertoire at the level of interest and self-absorption. More specifically, the neuropsychological dimension, the labor force is related to changes to the level of attention and memory. This study sought to clarify how to characterize the attention and memory levels in autistic teenager with Individual Education Plan (IEP). The importance of this study is part of the difficulty shown by individuals with ASD in access to curriculum content, which may be related to their ability to attention and memory. Objectives: Measure and identify particular characteristics in levels of care (direct and alternating) and short-term memory in adolescents with ASD. Methodology: The methodology used was qualitative, particularly the case study. Participated in this study, a 14 year old diagnosed with SAP since 4 years old. The assessment of direct and alternating attention was performed with use of evidence A (continuous care) and B (alternating attention) of the Trail Making Test (TMT). The evaluation of short-term memory was performed using the subtest digit memory of the WISC-III and Rey Complex Figure (evidence A). To evaluate the attention of globally resorted to the subtests code and symbol search the WISC-III. Beyond these assessments, information was gathered in order to complete an interview and a questionnaire through writing and orally through interview the teenager's mother. The special education teacher also participated, giving documentary information such as PEI student with reference to the CIF, as well as pertinent and relevant data for the study. Results: In terms of attention, J. has several own characteristics of a youth with ASD in particular fact pass incomplete tasks to others, be difficult to finish a task and also be complicated this stay alert and focused in the classroom. However, with respect to memory, J. presents the following characteristics: difficulty memorizing visual and audio content immediately after being displayed and recorded; forgets easily from what is just said, although get good results in the dimension of long-term memory is impaired and learning. It was not possible to know if this is directly influenced by the deficit of the assessed cognitive functions.
Keywords
Atenção, Memória de curta duração, Perturbação do espetro autista, Attention, Short-term memory, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Mendes, C.I.A. (2016). Influência da atenção e memória de curta duração na aprendizagem: Estudo de caso com perturbação do espetro autista. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1672
Identifiers
TID
201392160
Designation
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde.
Access Type
Open Access