A atividade empresarial na era da responsabilidade social - um olhar para além da vertente privada e capitalista
Date
2021-06-01
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
O presente estudo objetiva, modestamente, apresentar ao leitor uma forma diferente de enxergar o setor empresarial como aliado à consecução de políticas públicas indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento das economias e das sociedades, ressaltando a sua importância no processo de mudança de uma sociedade, em busca do desenvolvimento econômico com justiça social. A reflexão que se sugere aqui transcende sistemas, ideias e doutrinas conhecidos e praticados ao longo dos tempos. Inovar é a palavra de ordem mundial, logo pretendemos apresentar o exercício da atividade empresarial com responsabilidade social e humanista, visando a minimização da pobreza e da miséria, demandas políticas urgentes que são, além de outras metas de desenvolvimento social e econômico estabelecidas pela ONU. Pretendemos apresentar a empresa, ou o agente econômico, como vetor de realização de projetos de inclusão social e de preservação ambiental, com foco na dignidade da pessoa humana. Após retrospecto histórico do surgimento do comércio e da economia, sugerimos uma forma diferente de capitalismo, o capitalismo humanista, já na pauta política e econômica da atualidade. Falamos sobre a importância da atividade empresarial, ou atividade econômica, para o desenvolvimento econômico e discorremos sobre a dimensão econômica que certos eventos e percalços exercem sobre as empresas, pondo em risco sua subsistência e, por consequência, afetando toda a coletividade. Abordamos questões como proteção do mercado, concorrência desleal e relação de consumo. Também referimos aos impactos negativos da corrupção nas empresas e quão danosos são os seus reflexos para a sociedade e a economia, muitas das vezes até em níveis internacionais. Do ponto de vista laboral, ponderamos sobre as consequências do exercício radical de certos direitos dos trabalhadores, como o de greve, sugerindo alguns contrapontos ao movimento sindical desmedido, com vistas à preservação da unidade produtiva, enquanto agente econômico essencial para o desenvolvimento da economia, gerador de empregos, contribuinte fiscal e, como antes dito, ente estratégico para a prossecução de políticas públicas e sociais. Entre as tormentosas questões ora propostas, é certamente no tratamento do crédito tributário que reside a maior delas. Não há dúvida de que o Estado precisa de recursos para assegurar a sobrevivência da sociedade em que atua, através da cobrança de impostos aos particulares, dentre os quais a empresa. Mas, há determinadas situações, como a crise econômico-financeira da empresa, que podem merecer a flexibilização do ius imperii estatal, levando em conta tudo o que a atividade empresarial representa para a sociedade, hipótese de se promover um tratamento tributário adequado à solução daquela dificuldade financeira momentânea. Afinal, o desaparecimento da empresa reduz a arrecadação. Discorremos sobre a capacidade institucional do Estado, a função social do agente econômico e a empresa humanizada.
The present study modestly aims to present the reader with a different way of viewing the business sector as an ally to the achievement of public policies essential to the development of economies and societies, emphasizing its importance in the process of changing a society, in search of economic development combined with social justice. The reflection suggested here transcends systems, ideas and doctrines known and practiced throughout the ages. Innovation is the world’s motto and we intend to present the exercise of business activity with social and humanistic responsibility, aiming at minimizing poverty and misery, as being urgent political demands, in addition to other social and economic development goals established by the UN. We intend to present the company, or the economic agent, as a vector for carrying out projects for social inclusion and environmental preservation, focusing on the dignity of the human person. After a historical review of the emergence of trade and the economy, we suggest a different form of capitalism, humanist capitalism, already on the political and economic agenda today. We talk about the importance of business activity, or economic activity, for economic development and also about the economic dimension that certain events and mishaps have on companies, putting their livelihoods at risk and, consequently, affecting the entire community. We address issues such as market protection, unfair competition and consumer relations. We also refer to the negative impacts of corruption on companies, when these are the agents of crime and the damaging effects that this represents on society and the economy, sometimes even at international levels. From the labor point of view, we consider the consequences of the radical exercise of certain rights of company workers, such as that of strike, suggesting some counterpoints to the excessive exercise of union freedom, with a view to preserving the productive unit, while an essential economic agent for the development of the economy, a generator of jobs, a taxpayer and, as mentioned before, a strategic entity for the pursuit of public and social policies. Among so many stormy issues that the proposed theme contains, it is certainly in the treatment of tax credit that the biggest one lies, since it is certain that the State needs resources to ensure the survival of the society in which it operates, through the collection of taxes from individuals, among which the company. However, certain conditions and the practice of certain acts will lead to peculiar consequences that cannot be ignored by the State, such as the company's economic and financial crisis. In such cases, the State, taking into account everything that business activity represents for society, can make its ius imperii more flexible and provide appropriate tax treatment to solve that brief financial difficulty. The disappearance of the company reduces the revenue. We discussed the institutional capacity of the State, the social role of the economic agent and the humanized company.
The present study modestly aims to present the reader with a different way of viewing the business sector as an ally to the achievement of public policies essential to the development of economies and societies, emphasizing its importance in the process of changing a society, in search of economic development combined with social justice. The reflection suggested here transcends systems, ideas and doctrines known and practiced throughout the ages. Innovation is the world’s motto and we intend to present the exercise of business activity with social and humanistic responsibility, aiming at minimizing poverty and misery, as being urgent political demands, in addition to other social and economic development goals established by the UN. We intend to present the company, or the economic agent, as a vector for carrying out projects for social inclusion and environmental preservation, focusing on the dignity of the human person. After a historical review of the emergence of trade and the economy, we suggest a different form of capitalism, humanist capitalism, already on the political and economic agenda today. We talk about the importance of business activity, or economic activity, for economic development and also about the economic dimension that certain events and mishaps have on companies, putting their livelihoods at risk and, consequently, affecting the entire community. We address issues such as market protection, unfair competition and consumer relations. We also refer to the negative impacts of corruption on companies, when these are the agents of crime and the damaging effects that this represents on society and the economy, sometimes even at international levels. From the labor point of view, we consider the consequences of the radical exercise of certain rights of company workers, such as that of strike, suggesting some counterpoints to the excessive exercise of union freedom, with a view to preserving the productive unit, while an essential economic agent for the development of the economy, a generator of jobs, a taxpayer and, as mentioned before, a strategic entity for the pursuit of public and social policies. Among so many stormy issues that the proposed theme contains, it is certainly in the treatment of tax credit that the biggest one lies, since it is certain that the State needs resources to ensure the survival of the society in which it operates, through the collection of taxes from individuals, among which the company. However, certain conditions and the practice of certain acts will lead to peculiar consequences that cannot be ignored by the State, such as the company's economic and financial crisis. In such cases, the State, taking into account everything that business activity represents for society, can make its ius imperii more flexible and provide appropriate tax treatment to solve that brief financial difficulty. The disappearance of the company reduces the revenue. We discussed the institutional capacity of the State, the social role of the economic agent and the humanized company.
Keywords
Insolvência, Atividade empresarial, Desenvolvimento econômico, Capitalismo humanista, Preservação da empresa
Document Type
Master thesis
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Dataset
Citation
Mauro, M. P. N. (2021). A atividade empresarial na era da responsabilidade social - um olhar para além da vertente privada e capitalista. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3598
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TID
202752801
Designation
Mestrado em Direito
Access Type
Open Access