TAXSI: taxionomia de sistemas informáticos.
Date
2001
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Coadvisor
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Publisher
Universidade do Minho
Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
Esta tese descreve uma taxionomia de sistemas informáticos, TAXSI, e um método
para a sua utilização, que servem dois propósitos: por um lado sistematizar conceitos sobre
sistemas informáticos, e por outro, argumenta-se que constituem um contributo para
melhorar o processo de desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação (DSI), e em particular a
fase de engenharia de requisitos (ER).
A TAXSI visa ser utilizada no início do processo de DSI, nomeadamente na fase
inicial de levantamento de requisitos, para identificar o tipo de sistema informático a
desenvolver, permitindo mais facilmente indicar um ponto de partida para o processo de
desenvolvimento ou adopção de novos sistemas e contribuindo para que os engenheiros de
requisitos desenvolvam o seu trabalho de uma forma mais orientada.
Com vista a identificar e comparar taxionomias de sistemas informáticos, e também
identificar designações de tipos de aplicações informáticas procedeu-se a uma revisão da
literatura. Do estudo da literatura construiu-se uma lista onde se identificaram mais de uma
centena de designações diferentes de sistemas informáticos. Algumas delas são usadas como
homónimos, mas de facto referem-se a sistemas com diferentes funcionalidades, e outras
poderiam ser usadas como sinónimos, pois apesar de terem diferentes nomes referem-se a
sistemas com a mesma funcionalidade.
Quanto às taxionomias foram identificadas na literatura relevante treze taxionomias
de sistemas informáticos, tendo sido analisados para cada uma o autor, data e objectivo com que foi desenvolvida, as dimensões usadas, sistemas considerados e método de obtenção das
dimensões, o método de construção, as classes identificadas e o método de validação. Da
revisão pode concluir-se que cada autor selecciona critérios e métodos de construção de
acordo com o objectivo da taxionomia, e, consequentemente, as taxionomias resultantes são
demasiado diferentes para que se possa identificar algum padrão de classificação.
Tendo este facto em consideração, propõe-se uma nova taxionomia de sistemas
informáticos, baseada no papel das aplicações no contexto da sua utilização. Da análise desse
papel identificaram-se como dimensões relevantes as seguintes: o conhecimento sobre os
objectos existentes numa organização, os processos organizacionais, os objectos
manipulados pelos processos, o domínio do negócio, as operações incluídas nos processos e
a arquitectura típica de cada operação.
Apresenta-se também uma proposta de um método de utilização da TAXSI no
âmbito do DSI, e em particular na engenharia de requisitos, e descreve-se o processo de
validação efectuado.
A validação executada pretendeu avaliar se os sistemas analisados podiam ser
adequadamente descritos com as dimensões definidas. A validação foi feita recorrendo a
quatro casos: uma universidade, uma empresa de fiação, uma indústria farmacêutica e uma
organização pública de controlo na área vitivinícola. Os resultados dos casos permitiram
concluir da aplicabilidade da TAXSI em contextos reais, relativamente à adequação da
descrição dos sistemas analisados.
This thesis presents a taxonomy of information systems, TAXSI, that has two main aims: to systematize information systems concepts and to contribute to improve the information systems development (ISD) process, in particular the requirements engineering (RE) phase. TAXIS aims to be used in the early stages of ISD, in the stage of requirements definition, to identify the kind of computer based information system (CBIS) to be developed. It can be argued that, being aware of the type of system to be developed, requirements engineers could carry out their work in a much more focused way, as they know what they are looking for. A review of literature was carried out in order to identify and compare CBIS taxonomies, and also CBIS designations. As a result of this review, a list containing more than a hundred different CBIS designations was built. Some of them are used as homonyms, although they refer to systems with different functionalities, and others could be used as synonyms since they refer to systems with the same functionality. The review also identified thirteen CBIS taxonomies that were analyzed taking into account the following aspects: author and context, criteria used, systems considered and method used to obtain the dimensions, the identified classes and validation method. The review led to the conclusion that very different criteria and development methods were used depending on the taxonomy objectives, and therefore, the resulting taxonomies are too different so that no classification pattern can be infered. A new taxonomy is proposed based on the role of CBIS in the context of their use. The following relevant dimensions were defined: business domain, organizational knowledge, organizational processes, processes operations, knowledge dealt with by the processes and typical architecture of each operation. This thesis outlines a method for TAXIS utilization in the ISD process, and in particular in the requirements engineering stage, and describes the validation procedures that were carried out in order to validate the taxonomy. The aim of the validation addressed its capability of classifying existing systems. The validation was carried out using four cases: a university, a spinning-mill, a generics drugs industry and a public regulation organization in the wine field. The case results allow confirming the applicability of TAXIS in real contexts, in what concerns the adequately description of the analyzed systems. The issue of other types of validation is also discussed in the thesis.
This thesis presents a taxonomy of information systems, TAXSI, that has two main aims: to systematize information systems concepts and to contribute to improve the information systems development (ISD) process, in particular the requirements engineering (RE) phase. TAXIS aims to be used in the early stages of ISD, in the stage of requirements definition, to identify the kind of computer based information system (CBIS) to be developed. It can be argued that, being aware of the type of system to be developed, requirements engineers could carry out their work in a much more focused way, as they know what they are looking for. A review of literature was carried out in order to identify and compare CBIS taxonomies, and also CBIS designations. As a result of this review, a list containing more than a hundred different CBIS designations was built. Some of them are used as homonyms, although they refer to systems with different functionalities, and others could be used as synonyms since they refer to systems with the same functionality. The review also identified thirteen CBIS taxonomies that were analyzed taking into account the following aspects: author and context, criteria used, systems considered and method used to obtain the dimensions, the identified classes and validation method. The review led to the conclusion that very different criteria and development methods were used depending on the taxonomy objectives, and therefore, the resulting taxonomies are too different so that no classification pattern can be infered. A new taxonomy is proposed based on the role of CBIS in the context of their use. The following relevant dimensions were defined: business domain, organizational knowledge, organizational processes, processes operations, knowledge dealt with by the processes and typical architecture of each operation. This thesis outlines a method for TAXIS utilization in the ISD process, and in particular in the requirements engineering stage, and describes the validation procedures that were carried out in order to validate the taxonomy. The aim of the validation addressed its capability of classifying existing systems. The validation was carried out using four cases: a university, a spinning-mill, a generics drugs industry and a public regulation organization in the wine field. The case results allow confirming the applicability of TAXIS in real contexts, in what concerns the adequately description of the analyzed systems. The issue of other types of validation is also discussed in the thesis.
Keywords
Desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação, Sistema de informação, Sistema informático, Engenharia de requisitos, Taxionomia, Information systems development, Information system, Computer based information system, Requirements engineering, Taxonomy
Document Type
Doctoral thesis
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Dataset
Citation
Morais, M.P.C.D. (2001). TAXSI: taxionomia de sistemas informáticos. (Tese de Doutoramento), Escola de Engenharia, Universidade do Minho, Portugal.
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Open Access
Sponsorship
Orientação: Prof.º Doutor João Álvaro de Carvalho.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Informação.