Perceções do sistema de gestão de recursos humanos e o papel da confiança organizacional
Date
2014-01
Embargo
Authors
Coadvisor
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidade do Minho
Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
A gestão de recursos humanos (GRH) é um fenómeno organizacional complexo e multi-dimensional (Keating, 2007). Define regras, estrutura procedimentos entre os colaboradores e as organizações, pode ser formalizada ou não, e possui diferentes objetivos organizacionais. A compreensão do seu impacto, quer ao nível dos colaboradores, quer ao nível das organizações, é consequentemente complexa e continua a não ser compreendida de forma inequívoca. Na tentativa de ultrapassar alguns destes obstáculos, tem sido sugerido a mudança do foco de pesquisa, passando de uma abordagem centrada no conteúdo da GRH para uma abordagem centrada nos processos e/ou dinâmicas psicossociais envolvidas na GRH (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004). A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento desta área. O modelo de análise presente ao longo de todo o trabalho privilegia o estudo do detalhe processual na operacionalização do sistema de gestão de recursos humanos (SGRH) e centra-se em processos psicossociais que sejam fundamentais na compreensão da GRH. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é a compreensão do SGRH e do seu impacto em dimensões psicológicas relevantes, neste caso, a confiança organizacional e o compromisso na sua vertente afetiva. Esta investigação desenvolveu-se em duas fases. A primeira foi uma fase qualitativa exploratória e o seu objetivo principal consistiu na compreensão dos processos de operacionalização do SGRH e fatores associados, em especial a confiança. Foram realizadas 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas a informantes chave, nomeadamente diretores da organização, diretores de recursos humanos, diretores do departamento financeiro e chefias operacionais, em 7 organizações. Os resultados da fase qualitativa realçaram a importância da função de Recursos Humanos (RH) no desenvolvimento do SGRH. Sugeriram que a função RH com influência e autonomia esforça-se por desenvolver uma relação que permita aumentar o ajustamento dos colaboradores nos processos de mudança presentes na operacionalização do SGRH. A importância específica da confiança nos processos de implementação do SGRH é diferente em organizações estruturalmente semelhantes (por exemplo, burocracias) que supostamente teriam padrões de operacionalização similares, ou os mesmos fatores associados. Os resultados desta fase inicial (estudo 1) sugeriram modificações teóricas no modelo de Bowen e Ostroff (2004), as quais foram incorporadas na fase seguinte, designadamente no estudo 2. A segunda fase foi quantitativa e baseou-se na aplicação de um questionário junto a 21 organizações do setor público e privado (industrial e serviços) e envolveu no total 1677 colaboradores. Esta fase quantitativa deu origem a dois estudos. No primeiro pretendeu-se responder aos seguintes objetivos: a) apresentar uma proposta téorica para a definição do construto “perceção do SGRH” baseado no modelo de Bowen e Ostroff (2004); b) desenvolver um instrumento; c) testar e validar empiricamente o modelo definido em a). Os resultados obtidos no estudo 2 confirmaram as propostas de modificação da concetualização teórica de Bowen e Ostroff (2004). O modelo final integra duas meta-dimensões que compõem a perceção do SGRH: a) a relação com os representantes da função RH e b) os efeitos do SGRH. É discutida teoricamente a possível cadeia atribucional da “perceção do SGRH” e a sua ligação com a regulação do comportamento dos colaboradores. No segundo estudo quantitativo, o estudo 3, foi utilizado o construto “perceção do SGRH” com as dimensões finais do modelo reformulado (resultado do estudo anterior), tendo sido o seu principal objetivo compreender a relação entre a “perceção do SGRH” e o impacto desta no compromisso organizacional afetivo, considerando o papel da confiança organizacional. Nesse âmbito, foram testados dois modelos contrastantes, um modelo moderador versus modelo mediador. Os resultados indicam que o construto “perceção do SGRH” e todas as suas subdimensões estão associadas à confiança organizacional. Duas destas sub-dimensões estão diretamente relacionadas com o compromisso organizacional afetivo. Todas são mediadas (total ou parcialmente) pela confiança organizacional na chefia. Embora o modelo moderador apresente uma interação significativa, o modelo mediador aparenta trazer mais informação à compreensão do processo e do papel da confiança no mesmo. Os resultados contribuem para a robustez do construto “perceção do SGRH” e para a compreensão do seu impacto na confiança e no compromisso. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos dá a conhecer uma nova concetualização do SGRH incidindo numa análise de processos. As relações organizacionais analisadas ao nível da interação pessoal e do detalhe parecem constituir bases necessárias ao envolvimento dos indivíduos nas organizações. Estas análises micro relacionais possivelmente podem ser generalizadas pelos indivíduos para macro perceções sobre o SGRH. Se considerarmos que o SGRH é um instrumento que demonstra o envolvimento organizacional (Whitener, Brodt, Korsgaard & Werner, 1998) parece claro que estes micro processos relacionais e psicológicos são necessários na ligação dos indivíduos às organizações e, consequentemente, na criação de uma relação de emprego que satisfaça colaboradores e organizações.
The human resource management (HRM) is a complex and multi-dimensional organizational phenomenon (Keating, 2007). HRM defines rules, structures procedures between workers and organizations, can be formalized or not and has different organizational goals. Therefore, the understanding of its impact, in terms of employees or at the organizations level is complex and still not understood. In an attempt to overcome these obstacles, research has suggested changing the research focus from a content based approach of HRM to a process based approach grounded on psychological dynamics and processes evolved on HRM (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004). This thesis intends to contribute to the development of this research area. The conceptualization present throughout this work focuses on the study of procedural detail in the operationalization of human resource management system (HRMS) and on psychological processes that are relevant in HRM understanding. The main objective of this dissertation is to comprehend HRM and its impact on relevant psychological dimensions, in this case, organizational trust and commitment in its affective dimension. Research has been developed in two stages. The first was an exploratory qualitative phase and its specific objective was to understand the operationalization processes of HRMS and associated factors particularly trust. 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants, including top managers, human resource directors, finance managers and line managers in organizations 7 were performed. The results of the qualitative phase emphasize the importance of the role of the Human Resource (HR) function in the development of HRMS. They suggest that the HR function with influence and autonomy strives to develop a relationship which will enable the adjustment of employees in the operationalization of HRMS change processes. The specific relevance of trust in the HRMS implementation process differs in structurally similar organizations (e.g. bureaucracies) which allegedly would have similar patterns or the similar factors associated. The results of this study suggest modifications of the theoretical Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) model which were incorporated into the following phase, especially on study 2. The second phase was quantitative and was based on the application of a questionnaire in 21 organizations from public and private sector, evolving 1677 workers. This phase originated two studies. In the first we had the following objectives: a) to present a theoretical proposal for the definition of the construct “HRMS perception” based on the Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) model, b) develop an instrument c) empirically test and validate the model defined in a). Results from study 2 confirm the modification of Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) theoretical conceptualization. The final model integrates two meta - dimensions that shape HRMS perception: a) the relationship with the representatives of human resources and b) the effects of HRMS . The possible attributional chain of "HRMS perception" and its connection with the behavior regulation of workers is theoretically discussed. In the second quantitative study, study 3, we used the construct “HRMS perception" with the final dimensions of the reformulated model (result of the previous study). The central objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the construct “HRMS perception" and its impact on affective organizational commitment, considering the role of organizational trust. We tested two contrasting models, a moderator model versus mediator model. Study 3 indicates that the construct “HRMS perception" and all its sub-dimensions are related to organizational trust. Two of these sub-dimensions are directly related to affective organizational commitment. All are mediated (fully or partially) by trust in leadership. The moderator model presents a significant interaction, however the mediator model seems to bring more information to the understanding of the process. The results contribute to the robustness of the construct “HRMS perception” and the understanding of its impact on trust and commitment. The results of these integrated studies bring about a new conceptualization of HRMS focusing on processes based approach. The organizational relationships analyzed at the level of personal interaction seem to constitute the necessary basis for the involvement of individuals in organizations. These micro relational analyses possibly are generalized by individuals into macro perceptions about HRMS. If we consider that HRMS is an instrument that demonstrates organizational involvement (Whitener, Brodt, Korsgaard & Werner, 1998) it seems clear that these relational and psychological micro processes are necessary in linking individuals to organizations and consequently in the creation of an employment relationship that satisfies workers and organizations.
The human resource management (HRM) is a complex and multi-dimensional organizational phenomenon (Keating, 2007). HRM defines rules, structures procedures between workers and organizations, can be formalized or not and has different organizational goals. Therefore, the understanding of its impact, in terms of employees or at the organizations level is complex and still not understood. In an attempt to overcome these obstacles, research has suggested changing the research focus from a content based approach of HRM to a process based approach grounded on psychological dynamics and processes evolved on HRM (Bowen & Ostroff, 2004). This thesis intends to contribute to the development of this research area. The conceptualization present throughout this work focuses on the study of procedural detail in the operationalization of human resource management system (HRMS) and on psychological processes that are relevant in HRM understanding. The main objective of this dissertation is to comprehend HRM and its impact on relevant psychological dimensions, in this case, organizational trust and commitment in its affective dimension. Research has been developed in two stages. The first was an exploratory qualitative phase and its specific objective was to understand the operationalization processes of HRMS and associated factors particularly trust. 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants, including top managers, human resource directors, finance managers and line managers in organizations 7 were performed. The results of the qualitative phase emphasize the importance of the role of the Human Resource (HR) function in the development of HRMS. They suggest that the HR function with influence and autonomy strives to develop a relationship which will enable the adjustment of employees in the operationalization of HRMS change processes. The specific relevance of trust in the HRMS implementation process differs in structurally similar organizations (e.g. bureaucracies) which allegedly would have similar patterns or the similar factors associated. The results of this study suggest modifications of the theoretical Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) model which were incorporated into the following phase, especially on study 2. The second phase was quantitative and was based on the application of a questionnaire in 21 organizations from public and private sector, evolving 1677 workers. This phase originated two studies. In the first we had the following objectives: a) to present a theoretical proposal for the definition of the construct “HRMS perception” based on the Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) model, b) develop an instrument c) empirically test and validate the model defined in a). Results from study 2 confirm the modification of Bowen and Ostroffs´ (2004) theoretical conceptualization. The final model integrates two meta - dimensions that shape HRMS perception: a) the relationship with the representatives of human resources and b) the effects of HRMS . The possible attributional chain of "HRMS perception" and its connection with the behavior regulation of workers is theoretically discussed. In the second quantitative study, study 3, we used the construct “HRMS perception" with the final dimensions of the reformulated model (result of the previous study). The central objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the construct “HRMS perception" and its impact on affective organizational commitment, considering the role of organizational trust. We tested two contrasting models, a moderator model versus mediator model. Study 3 indicates that the construct “HRMS perception" and all its sub-dimensions are related to organizational trust. Two of these sub-dimensions are directly related to affective organizational commitment. All are mediated (fully or partially) by trust in leadership. The moderator model presents a significant interaction, however the mediator model seems to bring more information to the understanding of the process. The results contribute to the robustness of the construct “HRMS perception” and the understanding of its impact on trust and commitment. The results of these integrated studies bring about a new conceptualization of HRMS focusing on processes based approach. The organizational relationships analyzed at the level of personal interaction seem to constitute the necessary basis for the involvement of individuals in organizations. These micro relational analyses possibly are generalized by individuals into macro perceptions about HRMS. If we consider that HRMS is an instrument that demonstrates organizational involvement (Whitener, Brodt, Korsgaard & Werner, 1998) it seems clear that these relational and psychological micro processes are necessary in linking individuals to organizations and consequently in the creation of an employment relationship that satisfies workers and organizations.
Keywords
Psicologia organizacional, Gestão de recursos humanos, Human resource management
Document Type
Doctoral thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Oliveira, A. T. M. F. (2014). Perceções do sistema de gestão de recursos humanos e o papel da confiança organizacional [Tese de Doutoramento]. Universidade do Minho. Repositório Institucional UPT. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1473
Identifiers
TID
101408358
Designation
Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia, área de especialização em Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações
Access Type
Open Access