Perspetivas e práticas de supervisão nas escolas: o papel do coordenador de Departamento Curricular.
Date
2013
Embargo
Advisor
Coadvisor
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Journal ISSN
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Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
As exigências dos sistemas educativos atuais enfatizam a necessidade de
maior autonomia das escolas mas, também, da sua responsabilização pelas
aprendizagens dos seus alunos e pela melhoria constante do seu desempenho.
Ao nível de cada escola exige-se uma liderança capaz de gerar níveis de
decisão partilhada no contexto de um projeto educativo com visão e objetivos
conhecidos, compreendidos e partilhados. A importância dos departamentos
curriculares, e em particular dos seus coordenadores, na melhoria do ensino e
das aprendizagens tem vindo a merecer reconhecimento crescente e atenção
de investigadores e decisores políticos.
Em Portugal, as alterações recentes ao Estatuto da Carreira Docente, à
Avaliação de Desempenho dos Professores e ao regime de gestão dos
estabelecimentos de ensino e sua autonomia, ao definirem o conjunto de
responsabilidades pedagógicas e administrativas que são acometidas às
estruturas de coordenação e supervisão intermédias, vieram colocar em relevo
as funções do coordenador de departamento curricular. Contudo, e dado que
estas alterações introduziram alguma rutura com hábitos e rotinas que têm
dominado a cultura docente, entendemos ser importante conhecer até que
ponto os coordenadores de departamento curricular (CDC) estavam recetivos
para assumirem um papel de verdadeira liderança e supervisão pedagógica e,
ainda, a forma como percecionam a sua preparação para essas funções.
A partir desta problemática, definimos como objetivos da investigação: 1.
caracterizar a experiência profissional e a formação dos CDC para o exercício
do cargo; 2. compreender as perspetivas dos CDC sobre as funções de
supervisão e de liderança; 3. identificar tensões e paradoxos que inibem e/ou
facilitam o desempenho do cargo e, finalmente 4. propor um perfil ―ideal‖ para o
cargo de CDC. Com base nestes objetivos, delineamos um estudo exploratório
e descritivo, com opção por uma metodologia de cariz misto que compreendeu,
numa primeira fase, um inquérito por questionário e, numa segunda fase,
inquérito por entrevista: focus group e entrevistas individuais. Restringimos o
enfoque ao papel dos CDC nas escolas agrupadas com 2º e 3º ciclos e secundárias dada a especificidade dos coordenadores do 1º ciclo e do pré-
escolar. Na primeira fase do estudo foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa
com tratamento estatístico de dados recolhidos através de inquérito por
questionário, que envolveu 398 coordenadores de departamento de diferentes
escolas do território nacional continental. Numa segunda fase, realizámos uma
entrevista focus group e entrevistas individuais a seis CDC de agrupamentos
de escolas com 2º e 3º ciclos e escolas secundárias com 3º ciclo. Estas
entrevistas permitiram a recolha de elementos de informação mais aprofundada
e os dados recolhidos permitiram um estudo qualitativo que complementou o
primeiro, de caráter quantitativo, e permitiu aprofundar e clarificar aspetos
emergentes.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos traçar o perfil dos CDC como
professores com maturidade, experiência de ensino e em situação de
estabilidade nas escolas onde lecionam. Apontam ainda para uma recetividade
global para o exercício das diferentes vertentes do cargo, sendo que os
maiores constrangimentos se verificam em relação à supervisão das práticas e
para a existência de tensões face às exigências a que estes CDC estão
submetidos.
The demands of today‘s educational systems emphasize not only the need for greater schools‘ autonomy but they also require schools‘ accountability for students‘ learning and for the constant improvement of their performance. At the school‘s level, leadership should be able to generate shared decision within the framework of an educational project with a vision and objectives that are known, understood and shared. The importance of schools‘ subject departments and especially of the head of department for the improvement of teaching and learning has earned increasing recognition and attention of researchers and policy makers. In Portugal, recent changes to the Teaching Career Act, to the teachers‘ appraisal system and even to schools‘ management and autonomy introduced a set of pedagogical and administrative responsibilities to schools‘ middle leaders, particularly to the heads of department (HoD). However, and since these changes implied some rupture with habits and routines that have dominated the teaching culture, we believed it would be important to identify to which extent the HoDs were receptive to exercise true leadership and pedagogical supervision and also to try to understand how they perceived their training and preparation for these roles. From these issues we defined the objectives of research: 1. to characterize the professional experience and training of the HoDs for the role; 2. to understand the perspectives of HoDs on their supervision and leadership functions; 3. to identify tensions and paradoxes that inhibit and/or facilitate the performance of the role, and finally 4. to suggest an "ideal" profile for the role of HoD. With these objectives in mind we outlined an exploratory and descriptive research design with a mixed research methodology which initially comprised a questionnaire, on a first stage, and, on a second stage, interviews: focus group and individual interviews to HoDs. We circumscribed the analysis to the role of the HoDs in schools with 2nd cycle, 3rd cycle and secondary education levels given the specificity of the role of coordinators in 1st cycle and pre-school levels. In the first phase of the study we used a quantitative methodology with statistical analysis of the data collected through questionnaire survey to 398 HoDs from schools nationwide. In the second phase, we conducted a focus group interview and individual interviews to six HoDs from schools with 2nd cycle, 3 cycle and secondary education levels. These interviews enabled the gathering of more in-depth information and a qualitative analysis of the data which complemented the first study, of quantitative nature, and allowed us to deepen and clarify emerging aspects. From the results we drew the profile of the HoDs as teachers with maturity, teaching experience, and stability in the schools where they teach. The results also indicate an overall receptivity of the HoDs to perform different aspects of the role with major constraints occurring in relation to the supervision of teaching. The conclusions also point to the existence of tensions in face of the demands that the HoDs are subjected to.
The demands of today‘s educational systems emphasize not only the need for greater schools‘ autonomy but they also require schools‘ accountability for students‘ learning and for the constant improvement of their performance. At the school‘s level, leadership should be able to generate shared decision within the framework of an educational project with a vision and objectives that are known, understood and shared. The importance of schools‘ subject departments and especially of the head of department for the improvement of teaching and learning has earned increasing recognition and attention of researchers and policy makers. In Portugal, recent changes to the Teaching Career Act, to the teachers‘ appraisal system and even to schools‘ management and autonomy introduced a set of pedagogical and administrative responsibilities to schools‘ middle leaders, particularly to the heads of department (HoD). However, and since these changes implied some rupture with habits and routines that have dominated the teaching culture, we believed it would be important to identify to which extent the HoDs were receptive to exercise true leadership and pedagogical supervision and also to try to understand how they perceived their training and preparation for these roles. From these issues we defined the objectives of research: 1. to characterize the professional experience and training of the HoDs for the role; 2. to understand the perspectives of HoDs on their supervision and leadership functions; 3. to identify tensions and paradoxes that inhibit and/or facilitate the performance of the role, and finally 4. to suggest an "ideal" profile for the role of HoD. With these objectives in mind we outlined an exploratory and descriptive research design with a mixed research methodology which initially comprised a questionnaire, on a first stage, and, on a second stage, interviews: focus group and individual interviews to HoDs. We circumscribed the analysis to the role of the HoDs in schools with 2nd cycle, 3rd cycle and secondary education levels given the specificity of the role of coordinators in 1st cycle and pre-school levels. In the first phase of the study we used a quantitative methodology with statistical analysis of the data collected through questionnaire survey to 398 HoDs from schools nationwide. In the second phase, we conducted a focus group interview and individual interviews to six HoDs from schools with 2nd cycle, 3 cycle and secondary education levels. These interviews enabled the gathering of more in-depth information and a qualitative analysis of the data which complemented the first study, of quantitative nature, and allowed us to deepen and clarify emerging aspects. From the results we drew the profile of the HoDs as teachers with maturity, teaching experience, and stability in the schools where they teach. The results also indicate an overall receptivity of the HoDs to perform different aspects of the role with major constraints occurring in relation to the supervision of teaching. The conclusions also point to the existence of tensions in face of the demands that the HoDs are subjected to.
Keywords
Supervisão, Liderança intermédia, Coordenador de Departamento, Desenvolvimento profissional, Coordenação de currículo, Supervision, Middle leadership, Head of department, Professional development, Curriculum coordination
Document Type
Doctoral thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Penha, A.M.M.F. (2013). Perspetivas e práticas de supervisão nas escolas: O papel do coordenador de Departamento Curricular. (Tese de Doutoramento), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/769.
Identifiers
TID
101438516
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Access Type
Open Access
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Description
Orientação: Prof.ª Doutora Maria Palmira Carlos Alves.