O princípio da proibição da indefesa e a tributação das manifestações de fortuna
Date
2014-10
Embargo
Coadvisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Language
Portuguese
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Abstract
O sistema fiscal está dotado de ferramentas e instrumentos jurídicos que permitem à Administração Tributária (AT) promover a reintegração de rendimentos que, na sua origem, escaparam à tributação, determinando-se, através de procedimentos próprios e adequados, a colação de valores que percorreram o circuito da economia paralela.
Dos vários métodos que pontuam no sistema tributário sobressai a “tributação das manifestações de fortuna” que actua como método reintegrativo num segmento específico do comportamento dos contribuintes: a manifestação da sua capacidade aquisitiva que, nos casos em que é assimétrica relativamente ao rendimento declarado, suscita a fundada dúvida sobre a origem ou proveniência do rendimento. Verificada essa circunstância é legítimo a AT questionar o contribuinte sobre a origem dessa específica riqueza evidenciada através da aquisição de bens que, pelo seu valor, demonstram uma desproporção relativamente ao rendimento sujeito a tributação.
Não sendo a resposta congruente e a explicação plausível, estão criadas as condições para aplicar a disciplina dos artigos 89.º-A e da alínea f) do n.º 1 do artigo 87.º da Lei Geral Tributária (LGT), e, assim, tributar o contribuinte sobre este acréscimo patrimonial não justificado.
Os méritos do regime devem, contudo, salvaguardar os direitos do contribuinte, tendo sido suscitadas, na sua aplicação, complexas e controversas questões a que os tribunais superiores e a doutrina têm dado importante contributo na sua resolução mas que, como desenvolveremos, não estão totalmente esclarecidas quando em confronto com o Princípio Constitucional da Indefesa nas suas múltiplas facetas.
The tax system has tools and legal instruments that enable the Tax Authorities to reintegrate income that has avoided taxation at its source. Specific and appropriate procedures ensure the recovery of sums that have circulated within the informal economy. The methods used in the tax system include “taxation of signs of wealth”, which acts as a reintegration method within a specific segment of taxpayer behaviour: signs of purchasing power that, when asymmetric in relation to the declared income, raise well-founded doubts as to the origins or provenance of the income. When this circumstance arises, it is legitimate for the Tax Authorities to question the taxpayer about the origins of that specific wealth revealed through the acquisition of goods that, due to their value, are disproportionate to the income subject to taxation over the same financial period. If the response is not congruent and the explanation not plausible, conditions are created to apply the discipline of Articles 89-A and 87.1(f) of the Portuguese General Tax Law (LGT) and thus tax the taxpayer on this unjustified increase in assets. The merits of the regime must, however, ensure the rights of taxpayers and its application has raised complex and controversial questions which higher courts and jurisprudence have helped to resolve to a considerable extent. Nevertheless, some issues are not totally developed, such as the logic of proportionality that must underline this regime in order to respect the constitutional Principle of Right to Defense in its many facets.
The tax system has tools and legal instruments that enable the Tax Authorities to reintegrate income that has avoided taxation at its source. Specific and appropriate procedures ensure the recovery of sums that have circulated within the informal economy. The methods used in the tax system include “taxation of signs of wealth”, which acts as a reintegration method within a specific segment of taxpayer behaviour: signs of purchasing power that, when asymmetric in relation to the declared income, raise well-founded doubts as to the origins or provenance of the income. When this circumstance arises, it is legitimate for the Tax Authorities to question the taxpayer about the origins of that specific wealth revealed through the acquisition of goods that, due to their value, are disproportionate to the income subject to taxation over the same financial period. If the response is not congruent and the explanation not plausible, conditions are created to apply the discipline of Articles 89-A and 87.1(f) of the Portuguese General Tax Law (LGT) and thus tax the taxpayer on this unjustified increase in assets. The merits of the regime must, however, ensure the rights of taxpayers and its application has raised complex and controversial questions which higher courts and jurisprudence have helped to resolve to a considerable extent. Nevertheless, some issues are not totally developed, such as the logic of proportionality that must underline this regime in order to respect the constitutional Principle of Right to Defense in its many facets.
Keywords
Manifestações de fortuna, Ónus da prova, Proibição da indefesa, Constitutional Principle of Right to Defence, Burden of proof
, Taxation of Signs of Wealth
Document Type
Master thesis
Publisher Version
Dataset
Citation
Falcão, P.A.F.M.M. (2014). O princípio da proibição da indefesa e a tributação das manifestações de fortuna. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponivel no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1658
Identifiers
TID
201485893
Designation
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito
Access Type
Open Access