Santos, Sérgio F.
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Santos
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Sérgio F.
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Santos, Sérgio F.
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Sérgio F. Santos, doutorado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, prof. auxiliar na Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique e prof. Convidado na Universidade de Aveiro. Autor de mais de 30 publicações em jornais científicos e mais de 45 publicações em atas de conferencia, com um h-index de 20 e mais 2075 citações de acordo com SG, tendo supervisionadomais de 30 alunos entre mestrado e doutoramento, estágios curriculares e outros alunos com bolsas. Os interesses de investigação são “demand response”, “multi-energy systems”, “system flexibility”, “energy communities”, “virtual power plants” e “ancillary services” e “grid resilience”.
Afiliação:
REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies.
DCT - Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia.
E41A-D6C6-E3D7
56483358000
GNM-6353-2022Research Projects
Organizational Units
REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies
Centro de investigação que que tem como objetivo principal produzir e disseminar conhecimento teórico e aplicado que possibilite uma maior compreensão das dinâmicas e tendências económicas, empresariais, territoriais e tecnológicas do mundo contemporâneo e dos seus efeitos socioeconómicos. O REMIT adota uma perspetiva multidisciplinar que integra vários domínios científicos: Economia e Gestão; Ciências e Tecnologia; Turismo, Património e Cultura.
Founded in 2017, REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies is a research unit of Portucalense University. Based on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective it aims at responding to social challenges through a holistic approach involving a wide range of scientific fields such as Economics, Management, Science, Technology, Tourism, Heritage and Culture.
Grounded on the production of advanced scientific knowledge, REMIT has a special focus on its application to the resolution of real issues and challenges, having as strategic orientations:
- the understanding of local, national and international environment;
- the development of activities oriented to professional practice, namely in the business world.
26 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
Publication Open Access Bi-level stochastic energy trading model for technical virtual power plants considering various renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and electric vehicles2023-09-15 - Gough, M.; Santos, Sérgio F.; Javadi, M.S.; Home-Ortiz, J.M.; Castro, R.; Catalão, J.P.S.; Santos, Sérgio F.he ongoing transition of the energy system towards being low-carbon, digitized and distributed is accelerating. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are playing a major role in this transition. These DERs can be aggregated and controlled by Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) to participate in energy markets and make full use of the potential of DERs. Many existing VPP models solely focus on the financial impact of aggregating DERs and do not consider the technical limitations of the distribution system. This may result in technically unfeasible solutions to DERs operations. This paper presents an expanded VPP model, termed the Technical Virtual Power Plant (TVPP), which explicitly considers the technical constraints of the network to provide operating schedules that are both economically beneficial to the DERs and technically feasible. The TVPP model is formulated as a bi-level stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model. Two objective functions are used, the upper level focuses on minimizing the amount of power imported into the TVPP from the external grid, while the lower level is concerned with optimally scheduling a mixture of DERs to increase the profit of the TVPP operator. The model considers three TVPPs and allows for energy trading among the TVPPs. The model is applied to several case studies based on the IEEE 119-node test system. Results show improved DERs operating schedules, improved system reliability and an increase in demand response engagement. Finally, energy trading among the TVPP is shown to further reduce the costs of the TVPP and power imported from the upstream electrical network.Publication Open Access Energy storage system impact on the operation of a demand response aggregator2023-08-01 - Vahid-Ghavidel, Morteza; Javadi, M.S.; Santos, Sérgio F.; Gough, M.; Shafie-khah, M.; Catalão, J.P.S.; Santos, Sérgio F.In this paper, we consider a demand response (DR) aggregator responsible for participating in the wholesale electricity market on behalf of the end-users who participated in the DR programs. Thus, the DR aggregator can trade its acquired DR within the short-term electricity markets, i.e., the day-ahead and the balancing (real-time) markets. In the proposed framework, the electricity market prices are considered uncertain, and a robust optimization approach is applied to address the uncertainties to maximize the profit of the DR aggregator. A model for analyzing the impact of the energy storage system (ESS) unit on a DR aggregator's performance is developed to provide more flexibility for the consumers. The direct interactions of a DR aggregator with an ESS are neglected in many models. However, this consideration can lead to improvement in the flexibility of the aggregator and also increase the profit of the entity by trading energy in the short-term markets to charge the ESS during the low-price periods and discharge it to the market while the electricity market prices are high. Hence, it is assumed that the DR aggregator owns an ESS unit and can cover a percentage of its traded power through the ESS. An analysis of the impact of the ESS unit on the DR aggregator's performance is applied to study the most appropriate size of the ESS that can maximize the profit of the aggregator. In addition, renewable energy production is employed for end-users through the installation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels. This demand-side renewable generation can provide more flexibility for the participants in DR programs. Various feasible case studies have been applied to demonstrate the model's effectiveness and usefulness, and conclusions are duly drawn. The numerical results indicate that having an ESS seems necessary when the decision-maker desires to protect its profit from the worst-case scenarios and reduces the negative effect of the uncertain parameter, i.e., the wholesale electricity market prices. Thus, it can be shown that having a greater capacity for the ESS has a significant and direct impact on increasing the profit of the aggregator even in the worst-case scenarios, where the profit rises 20 % when the budget of uncertainty in the robust optimization is equal to 12.Publication Restricted Access Assessing the impact of peer-to-peer markets on distribution grid operation2021-10 - Reina, Fábio C. G.; Santos, Sérgio F.; Erdinç, Ozan; Catalão, João P. S.; Osório, Gerardo J.; Santos, Sérgio F.Due to the considerable increase of distributed energy resources, a new model of energy trading called peer- to-peer (P2P) has emerged in local energy communities that play a key role in the proliferation of renewable energy sources. However, although local and distributed power trading allows for a more decentralized and open grid, these models have a significant impact on the control, operation, and planning of the electricity distribution grid. Thus, reducing the demand for power at an affordable price is one of the main objectives of P2P markets, considering the different voltage limits and possible congestion existing in the distribution system. Thus, the main goal of this work is to evaluate the impact of the P2P market on the distribution network operation. This work includes an energy community in a neighborhood involving nine connected houses and one school, involving different renewable technologies and energy storage systems installed in each consumer and/or prosumer. The simulation results indicate that in the presence of local distributed generation and the inclusion of energy storage devices and electric vehicles allow a high-cost reduction (16%) and a very positive impact on the distribution system in terms of congestion and voltage deviations.Publication Open Access A two-stage joint operation and planning model for sizing and siting of electrical energy storage devices considering demand response programs2022-06-21 - Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh; Gough, Matthew; Mansouri, Seyed Amir; Ahmarinejad, Amir; Nematbakhsh, Emad; Santos, Sérgio F.; Catalão, João P. S.; Santos, Sérgio F.This study describes a computationally efficient model for the optimal sizing and siting of Electrical Energy Storage Devices (EESDs) in Smart Grids (SG), accounting for the presence of time-varying electricity tariffs due to Demand Response Program (DRP) participation. The joint planning and operation problem for optimal siting and sizing of the EESD is proposed in a two-stage optimization problem. In this regard, the long-term decision variables deal were the size and location of the EESDs and have been considered at the master level while the operating point of the generation units and EESDs is determined by the slave stage of the model utilizing a standard mixed-integer linear programming model. To examine the effectiveness of the model in the slave sub-problem, the operation model is solved for different working days of different seasons. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Binary Genetic Algorithm (BGA) have been used at the master level to propose different scenarios for investment in the planning stage. The slave problem optimizes the model in terms of the short-term horizon (day-ahead). Additionally, the slave problem determines the optimal schedule for an SG considering the presence of EESD (with sizes and locations provided by the upper level). The electricity price fluctuates throughout the day, according to a Time-of-Use (ToU) DRP pricing scheme. Moreover, the impacts of DRPs have been addressed in the slave stage. The proposed model is examined on a modified IEEE 24-Bus test system.Publication Open Access Pool trading model within a local energy community considering flexible loads, photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems2022-04 - Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh; Gough, Matthew; Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel; Santos, Sérgio F.; Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Catalão, Joao P. S.; Santos, Sérgio F.This paper presents a pool trading model within a local energy community considering home energy management systems (HEMSs) and other consumers. A transparent mechanism for market clearing is proposed to incentivise active prosumers to trade their surplus energy within a rule-based pool market in the local energy community. A price-based demand response program (PBDRP) is considered to increase the consumers’ willingness to modify their consumption. The mathematical optimization problem is a standard mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem to allow for rapid assessment of the trading market for real energy communities which have a considerable number of consumers. This allows for novel energy trading strategies amongst different clients in the model and for the integration of a pool energy trading model at the level of the local energy community. The objective function of the energy community is to minimize the overall bills of all participants while fulfilling their demands. Two different scenarios have been evaluated, independent and integrated operation modes, to show the impacts of coordination amongst different end-users. Results show that through cooperation, end-users in the local energy community market can reduce the total electricity bill. This is shown in a 16.63% cost reduction in the independent operation and a 21.38% reduction in the integrated case. Revenues for active consumers under coordination increased compared to independent operation of the HEMS.Publication Restricted Access Impact of uncertainty on energy hub optimization based on energy resources distribution and demand Response [comunicação oral]2024-06-17 - Azevedo, Tiago M.M.; Ghavidel, Morteza V.; Catalão, João P. S.; Osório, Gerardo J.; Santos, Sérgio F.In recent years, significant efforts have been made worldwide, including research projects and political resolutions, to support the incorporation of renewable energy sources into power systems to help sustainable energy goals. Moreover, to build cleaner and sustainable energy systems, it is necessary to develop integrated systems, known as multi-energy systems (MES), where multiple electricity production facilities optimally communicate with each other in different layers, creating an energy hub. This work seeks to develop an energy hub model to help energy system operators make better decisions in scenarios of high uncertainty. In this model, the information-gap decision theory (IGDT) is applied to measure risk. The considered uncertainties in this study include the price of natural gas and electricity. A ‘time-of-use’ code is also considered the change of a percentage of the load from peak hours to valley hours, minimizing the operating costs. The results demonstrate that risk management tools, such as an IGDT-risk-averse model and the introduction of demand response programs, are fundamental tools for assessing the impact of uncertainty on energy hubs. Indeed, the tool allows the operator to maintain an acceptable level of uncertainty and robustness of the system while ensuring that the system is reliable and has acceptable operating costs.Publication Restricted Access Review on the energy storage technologies with the focus on multi-energy systems2022-04 - Vahid-Ghavidel, Morteza; Javadi, Sara; Gough, Matthew; Javadi, Mohammad S.; Santos, Sérgio F.; Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Catalão, João P. S.; Santos, Sérgio F.Energy storage is an important element of an energy system. In the power system, energy storage can be defined as components that can be employed to generate a form of energy or utilize previously stored energy at different locations or times when it is required. Energy storage can enhance the stability of the grid, increase the reliability and efficiency of integrated systems that include renewable energy resources and can also reduce emissions. A diverse set of storage technologies are currently utilized for the energy storage systems (ESSs) in a varied set of projects. This chapter provides information about the current ESS projects around the world and emphasizes the leading countries which are developing the applications of the ESSs. The main categories of ESSs are explained in this chapter as follows: electrochemical, electromechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal storage. Moreover, the energy storage technologies are utilized in power grids for various reasons such as electricity supply capacity, electric energy timeshifting, on-site power, electric supply reserve capacity, frequency regulation, voltage support, and electricity bill management. Additionally, by integrating the various energy forms and developing the concept of multi-energy systems, ESS become a fundamental component for the efficient operation of multi-energy systems. The main role of ESSs in multi-energy systems is to compensate for the fluctuations in power output from renewable energy resources. Moreover, the performance of the multi-energy system increases when it got integrated with an ESS. In this chapter, the applied ESS technologies in the context of the multi-energy systems are presented and explained.Publication Open Access Bidding strategies for virtual power plants in the Iberian electricity market2021-11-03 - Gough, Matthew; Santos, Sérgio F.; Oliveira, José; Chaves, Jessica; Castro, Rui; Catalão, João P. S.; Santos, Sérgio F.In recent years, the energy sector has undergone major changes, particularly in Portugal, where there is complete liberalization of the electricity sector. Like in other European countries, a market agent has been created to facilitate trading relations between producer and trader. The Virtual Power Plant (VPP) agent aims to minimize the costs to the trader and maximizes the profits of producers. In this work, five renewable power plants, which are contractually linked with a VPP, are analyzed to verify the profitability of these contracts for both parties. Using this framework, an analysis is carried out examining the differences between actual renewable production and the planned (forecasted) production. In some instances, there are significant deviations between actual and forecast production and this results in higher costs. Consequently, the greater the deviations, the greater the expenses and, therefore, the lower the profit of each party. Thus, new bidding strategies that result in the reduction of these differences are sought. The bidding strategies proposed in this paper involve markets and various types of contracts to deliver the optimal solution that results in higher profits for both parties. The results show an increase in VPP profit on average of 32%Publication Open Access Opportunistic info-gap approach for optimization of electrical and heating loads in multi-energy systems in the presence of a demand response program2021-11-03 - Vahid-Ghavidel, Morteza; Javadi, Mohammad S.; Santos, Sérgio F.; Gough, Matthew; Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Catalão, João P. S.; Santos, Sérgio F.There are significant changes occurring both in the electricity system and the natural gas system. These two energy carries can be combined to form what is known as an energy hub. These energy hubs can play a significant role in the energy system and thus understanding of their optimization, especially their costs, is important. This paper proposes a risk management framework for an energy-hub through the utilization of the information-gap decision theory (IGDT). The uncertainties introduced from the various load profiles, such as the electric and heating loads, are considered in this risk management framework. The modeled energy-hub consists of several distributed generation systems such as a micro-combined heat and power (μCHP), electric heat pump (EHP), electric heater (EH), absorption chiller (AC) and an energy storage system (ESS). A demand response (DR) program is also considered to shift a percentage of electric load away from the peak period to minimize the operational cost of the hub. A feasible test system is also applied to demonstrate the proposed model’s effectiveness.Publication Restricted Access Impact of P2P market transactions on distribution network congestion considering physical constraints2023-09-27 - Santos, Sérgio F.; Branco, José T. R. A.; Catalão, João P. S.; Osório, Gerardo J.; Santos, Sérgio F.The novel trend of peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions has allowed traditional consumers to become prosumers, capable of maximizing the usage of their energy production by sharing it with their neighbors. Thus, the P2P market has emerged to allow both prosumers and consumers to trade energy independently from the conventional market. However, while local energy transactions will allow for a more open and decentralized grid, they will nevertheless have a significant impact on the planning, control and operation of distribution grids. Hence, in this paper, an improved model is presented to evaluate the impact of P2P transactions on distribution grid congestion, considering its restrictions and the uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources generation and load. The objective function has been modeled to minimize the transaction costs of each prosumer/consumer. The model was tested on a branch adapted from a 119-bus IEEE test grid, in which different operational scenarios have been considered through case studies, considering the various RES technologies and energy storage systems (ESS) installed by each prosumer/consumer. Comprehensive simulation results indicate that the introduction of smart grid enabling technologies and P2P transactions has led to both technical (voltage profile and grid congestion) and economic benefits for the distribution grid and its users.
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