Skeletal age assessed by Greulich-Pyle: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal tennis players

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dc.contributor.authorCelis-Moreno, Jorge M.
dc.contributor.authorMartinho, Diogo V.
dc.contributor.authorCoelho-e-Silva, Manuel J.
dc.contributor.authorFragoso, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Luís P.
dc.contributor.authorGouveia, Élvio R.
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Tomas
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves-Santos, João
dc.contributor.authorTavares, Oscar M.
dc.contributor.authorCayolla, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorDuarte-Mendes, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorKonarski, Jan M.
dc.contributor.authorMalina, Robert M.
dc.contributor.authorMyburgh, Gillian K.
dc.contributor.authorCumming, Sean P.
dc.contributor.authorSherar, Lauren B.
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-03T17:27:31Z
dc.date.available2025-02-03T17:27:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-22
dc.description.abstractThe assessment of biological maturation is a central topic in pediatric exercise sciences. Skeletal age (SA) reflects changes in each bone of the hand and wrist from initial ossification to the adult state. This study examined intra-observer and inter-examiner agreement is Greulich-Pyle (GP) assessments of SA in 97 male tennis players 8.6–16.8 years of age. Two observers independently examined all films on two occasions using the GP method. The SA of each bone was evaluated. The mean and median of SAs assigned for each bone was the individual SA for each participant. The calculation was exclusively based on the bones that were not skeletally mature. Intra-observer mean differences were significant for several bones with better results by the experienced examiner (observer B). Comparisons between SA values of the two independent observers indicated significant differences for the ulna, metacarpals II and III, and distal phalanx V. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the bone-specific differences was small, perhaps trivial. Differences in individual SA values of the tennis players based on the non-mature bones of the hand-wrist were negligible based on the mean (0.04±0.39, t = 0.321, p = 0.749) or the median (0.05±0.58, t = 0.007, p = 0.994). Nevertheless, the current study confirmed examiners as a source of error in the estimation of SA using the Greulich-Pyle method and highlighted the importance of calculating SAs based on non-mature bones among adolescent players.
dc.identifier.citationCelis-Moreno, J. M., Martinho, D. V., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Fragoso, I., Ribeiro, L. P., Gouveia, E. R., Oliveira, T., Gonçalves-Santos, J., Tavares, O. M., Cayolla, R., Duarte-Mendes, P., Konarski, J. M., Malina, R. M., Myburgh, G. K., Cumming, S. P., & Sherar, L. B. (2025). Skeletal age assessed by Greulich-Pyle: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal tennis players. PLoS ONE, (published online: 22 January 2025), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307305. Repositório Institucional UPT. https://hdl.handle.net/11328/6082
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11328/6082
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307305
dc.rightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGreulich-Pyle
dc.subjectSkeletal age
dc.subjectmale pubertal tennis players
dc.subject.fosCiências Sociais - Economia e Gestão
dc.titleSkeletal age assessed by Greulich-Pyle: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal tennis players
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.referenceshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0307305
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage12
oaire.citation.issuePublished online: 22 January 2025
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titlePLoS ONE
person.affiliation.nameUniversidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique
person.familyNameCayolla
person.givenNameRicardo
person.identifier.ciencia-idD311-D822-C19A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4015-7363
person.identifier.ridAAL-6739-2020
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56120166100
relation.isAuthorOfPublication99055104-5441-4d13-9368-2e06bb43e870
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery99055104-5441-4d13-9368-2e06bb43e870

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