From drought to deluge: The complex Journal of Cultural Heritage impacts of climate change on earthen heritage

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this article is to assess climate change impacts on four earthen heritage (EH) sites, highlighting their vulnerability and the need for an integrated approach that considers physical, social and cultural factors. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a systematic approach to assess climate change impacts on earthen heritage sites. A literature review informed the development of a conceptual model based on climate change risk guidelines and methodologies. The model evaluates site-specific hazards through quantitative and qualitative assessments, considering exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Vulnerability is calculated using a formula that categorizes it into five levels. Data collection included meteorological analysis, field observations and interviews with local experts. Findings Findings indicate that climate change has significant consequences for earthen heritage sites, including erosion, structural deterioration and loss of cultural value. The regions of Sistan, Yazd, Persepolis and Tchogha Zanbil are particularly vulnerable due to their specific climatic conditions. Key threats include changes in precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, rising temperatures and water scarcity. Socioeconomic factors like limited conservation resources and inadequate stakeholder communication exacerbate these vulnerabilities. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, effective governance and community engagement to develop comprehensive climate change adaptation strategies. Originality/value The article’s originality lies in its systematic assessment of climate change impacts on earthen heritage sites, offering a novel framework that integrates interdisciplinary approaches and site-specific factors.