A problemática do investimento estrangeiro nos direitos humanos: o direito à água e ao saneamento básico
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Date
2018-12-12
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Portuguese
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Abstract
O abastecimento de água e o acesso ao saneamento básico são essenciais para a vida
humana. A água é muito mais do que um bem ou mercadoria indispensáveis ao
crescimento e desenvolvimento, é um Direito Humano de primeira necessidade. Não
tendo a humanidade o seu gozo pleno, quer pela sua falta em determinadas regiões, quer
pela deficiente distribuição deste recurso natural. Porém, os recursos hídricos têm sido
utilizados a uma taxa superior à sua capacidade de reposição, originando problemas de
escassez hídrica.
A maior parte das doenças relacionadas com a água advêm do inadequado acesso ou
inexistente acesso ao saneamento básico, provocando doenças, muitas vezes, mortais. A
cobertura do saneamento básico encontra-se atrasada, comparativamente com o sector de
abastecimento de água, devendo-se a um conjunto de características de cada país, tal
como as condições socioeconómicas, o próprio clima e o investimento na evolução das
infraestruturas. Constata-se que a taxa de utilização de água é elevada devido aos
desperdícios e consumos descontrolados, sendo que os Estados e as organizações
internacionais não têm conseguido desenvolver medidas capazes de travar o seu mau uso,
bem como de ultrapassar a escassez da água em algumas regiões do globo.
A nível Internacional existem avanços significativos para elevar a qualidade de vida,
alargar a cobertura de saneamento, principalmente nas zonas rurais, sensibilizar e
informar as comunidades das consequências das más condutas humanas. Contudo, todas
as medidas implementadas, quer pelos Estados, quer através de organizações
internacionais não têm sido suficientes para a concretização plena dos direitos
proclamados.
Em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável e da pressão da sociedade visando a melhoria da
qualidade de vida, algumas empresas e organizações em geral têm adotado,
voluntariamente, políticas ao nível da responsabilidade social e cooperativa. Todavia, os
esforços não são suficientes, sendo urgente a cooperação, não só das empresas,
organizações e Estados, mas de toda a comunidade internacional.
Water supply and access to basic sanitation are essential for human life. Water is much more than a good or commodity indispensable to growth and development, it is a Human Right of first necessity. Humanity does not enjoy its full enjoyment either by its lack in certain regions or by the deficient distribution of this natural resource. However, water resources have been used at a higher rate to its spare capacity, resulting in problems of water scarcity. Most of the diseases related to water arise from inadequate access or no access to basic sanitation, causing conditions often deadly. The coverage of basic sanitation is lagging compared to the water supply sector, due to a set of characteristics of each country, such as socio-economic conditions, climate and investment in infrastructure developments. It is noted that the rate of water use is high due to uncontrolled waste and consumption, and States and international organizations have not been able to develop measures capable of curbing their misuse, as well as overcoming water scarcity in some regions of the globe. At the International level, significant progress has been made in raising the quality of life, expanding sanitation coverage, especially in rural areas, raising awareness and informing communities of the consequences of the greatest human conduct. However, all the measures implemented, either by the States or through international organizations, have not been sufficient for the full realization of the proclaimed rights. In the interest of sustainable development and societal pressure aimed at improving the quality of life, some companies and organizations in general have voluntarily adopted policies on social and cooperative responsibility. However, efforts are not enough, and cooperation is urgently needed not only by businesses, organizations and States, but also by the international community as a whole.
Water supply and access to basic sanitation are essential for human life. Water is much more than a good or commodity indispensable to growth and development, it is a Human Right of first necessity. Humanity does not enjoy its full enjoyment either by its lack in certain regions or by the deficient distribution of this natural resource. However, water resources have been used at a higher rate to its spare capacity, resulting in problems of water scarcity. Most of the diseases related to water arise from inadequate access or no access to basic sanitation, causing conditions often deadly. The coverage of basic sanitation is lagging compared to the water supply sector, due to a set of characteristics of each country, such as socio-economic conditions, climate and investment in infrastructure developments. It is noted that the rate of water use is high due to uncontrolled waste and consumption, and States and international organizations have not been able to develop measures capable of curbing their misuse, as well as overcoming water scarcity in some regions of the globe. At the International level, significant progress has been made in raising the quality of life, expanding sanitation coverage, especially in rural areas, raising awareness and informing communities of the consequences of the greatest human conduct. However, all the measures implemented, either by the States or through international organizations, have not been sufficient for the full realization of the proclaimed rights. In the interest of sustainable development and societal pressure aimed at improving the quality of life, some companies and organizations in general have voluntarily adopted policies on social and cooperative responsibility. However, efforts are not enough, and cooperation is urgently needed not only by businesses, organizations and States, but also by the international community as a whole.
Keywords
Água, Ambiente, Escassez hídrica, Gestão, Infraestruturas, Saneamento, Water, Environment, Water shortage, Managment, Infrastructures, Sanitation
Document Type
Master thesis
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Citation
Teixeira, J. I. R. (2018). A problemática do investimento estrangeiro nos direitos humanos: O direito à água e ao saneamento básico. (Dissertação de Mestrado), Universidade Portucalense, Portugal. Disponível no Repositório UPT, http://hdl.handle.net/11328/2616
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202131386
Designation
Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forense
Access Type
Open Access