Carla Azevedo Lobo

Lobo, Carla Azevedo

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Lobo

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Carla Azevedo

Name

Carla Azevedo Lobo

Biography

Carla Azevedo Lobo é doutorada em Gestão pela Universidade Portucalense. É Professora Auxiliar da Universidade Portucalense e leciona em cursos de Licenciatura, Mestrado e Doutoramento, na área das Ciências Empresariais. É também Coordenadora do Curso de Licenciatura em Gestão, desde 2010. É investigadora do REMIT (Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies). Foi a Investigadora Responsável do Projeto de Investigação ("IEcPBI”) na área dos Negócios Internacionais, financiado pelo COMPETE 2020, FEDER e FCT, entre 2018 - 2022. Afiliação: Investigadora do REMIT - Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies (departamento: DEG)

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REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies

Centro de investigação que que tem como objetivo principal produzir e disseminar conhecimento teórico e aplicado que possibilite uma maior compreensão das dinâmicas e tendências económicas, empresariais, territoriais e tecnológicas do mundo contemporâneo e dos seus efeitos socioeconómicos. O REMIT adota uma perspetiva multidisciplinar que integra vários domínios científicos: Economia e Gestão; Ciências e Tecnologia; Turismo, Património e Cultura. Founded in 2017, REMIT – Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies is a research unit of Portucalense University. Based on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective it aims at responding to social challenges through a holistic approach involving a wide range of scientific fields such as Economics, Management, Science, Technology, Tourism, Heritage and Culture. Grounded on the production of advanced scientific knowledge, REMIT has a special focus on its application to the resolution of real issues and challenges, having as strategic orientations: - the understanding of local, national and international environment; - the development of activities oriented to professional practice, namely in the business world.

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Open Access
What Is the impact of informal entrepreneurship on venture capital flows?
2020-11-23 - Santos, Eunice; Fernandes, Cristina I.; Ferreira, João J. M.; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
There has been a diverse range of research on the factors enabling informal entrepreneurship as well as the means to avoid or to eradicate its incidence. Several researchers argued that venture capital and financial flows, in general, contribute to economic growth and development. There have also been observations of how the investor level of trust in institutions facilitates investment decisions. This trust comes into play at the level of informal entrepreneurship and the ability of governments to control this type of entrepreneurship. Given that a great deal of research on this subject focuses its analysis on developing countries, we have chosen to investigate the reality of European countries precisely because of the scarcity of studies on the effect of informal entrepreneurship in this context. Our research aims to assess how informal entrepreneurship effects on venture capital flows. We use aggregated data at country level collected from a variety of sources, including the World Bank, Organization for Cooperation and Development and World Economic Forum, between 2006 and 2015 and 23 countries in Europe, corresponding to 230 observations (panel no. balanced). Through econometric estimation, which took place according to methodologies based on multiple regression models for panel data, the results demonstrate how informal entrepreneurship has a negative moderating effect between GDP and venture cUKapital flows. We intend to contribute to a better understanding of the effect of informal entrepreneurship on the flows of venture capital.
Open Access
A performance internacional e a orientação para o Mercado: O caso das PME’s
2020 - Fernandes, Cristina I. M. A. S.; Ferreira, João J. M.; Raposo, Mário; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
Um ponto chave do processo de internacionalização das empresas é a escolha do mercado externo. Após esta escolha os resultados que uma empresa aí obtém podem ajudar a medir a sua performance internacional. Esta investigação visa, assim, medir o impacto no processo de internacionalização, mediante a sua Orientação para o Mercado (OM), assim como medir o seu efeito na performance internacional. Para tal, foram recolhidos dados através da realização de um questionário a 320 PME e mediante a aplicação de regressões lineares, os resultados evidenciam um efeito positivo da OM tanto no processo de internalização como no desempenho internacional. Verificamos também a importância de se estudar a influência das orientações estratégicas sobre os processos de internacionalização, podendo estes serem influenciados pelas particularidades das PME.
Open Access
The importance of internationalization strategy for innovation in Portuguese firms
2020-08 - Durão, Natércia; Santos-Pereira, Carla; Azevedo, Mónica; Maldonado, Isabel; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
Innovation and internationalization seem to be vital strategies for the survival and growth of companies facing an increasingly competitive global environment. The twoway link between these two factors has become a topic of interest among researchers. Although innovation and internationalization are highly related activities, the role played by innovation in the internationalization process of firms has been analysed by internationalization, others consider that innovation can be a consequence of internationalization process. Given the great importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for the growth of economies, part of literature has paid special attention to this kind of enterprises. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between innovation and internationalization within Portuguese firms, in particular to analyse whether Portuguese entrepreneurs consider innovation as an important factor in the process of internationalisation. To achieve this goals, we will use descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques.
Open Access
The enhancers of the internationalization strategy and its relation with business performance – the Portuguese case
2020-09 - Lobo, Carla Azevedo; Santos-Pereira, Carla; Durão, Natércia
Internationalization theories have been growing interest among researchers. However, as they mainly focused on the internationalization process of big and mature firms, it was thought that they need some other approaches that consider the challenges of small and younger firms. A growing flow of research on international new ventures(INV) has sought to understand the causes, processes and outcomes of the decision of smaller and younger firms to enter in foreign markets. The INV model states that some young SME’s rapidly internationalize exporting to distant markets practically since birth. Thus, instead of following the internationalization process theory, that states that firms enter new markets gradually, slowly compromising their resources in the development of export activities, these INV enter international markets almost immediately, without waiting until they have acquired experience in the domestic market with success. The perspective on international new ventures thus emphasizes the role of individual knowledge to argue that international ventures do not need organizational experiences, routines or capabilities to succeed in external markets. On the contrary, the international experiences of founders and other key managers can replace such shortcomings. In other words, the entrepreneur's role can define the firm's ability to acquire and operationalize its resources, thus being able to influence business performance, especially of international businesses. The growing popularity of this new perspective on international new ventures has created a body of literature on this issue and of its influence on international business performance. Aiming to analyze the existence of an association between international business performance and the factors that act, on the entrepreneur perspective, as enhancers of the internationalization strategy, an online questionnaire survey was conducted with several variables, based on the literature review. The questionnaire was sent to all firms registered in the AICEP database of Portuguese internationalized firms, by sending a link via e-mail and using the Google Forms tool between May 2019 and January 2020. Data collected from the 238 valid responses (Portuguese international firms) were treated by IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software through a quantitative approach based on a descriptive, exploratory and inferential analysis. In accordance with International New Ventures Theory, the Strategic Choice view and Network theory, we expect to find evidence of the correlation between the factors that act, on the entrepreneur perspective, as enhancers of the internationalization strategy and the percentage of business that resulted from internationalization (termed “Turnover”). We also intend to ascertain if there is any evidence of the importance of the enhancing factors related to skills, knowledge and networks in international business performance.
Open Access
Digital Transformation Strategies and AI Gen for Sustainable Business Development
2024-06-30 - Santos-Pereira, Carla; Lobo, Carla Azevedo; Moreira, Fernando
The Special Issue "Digital Transformation Strategies and AI Gen for Sustainable Business Development" delves into the pivotal role that digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) play in fostering sustainable business practices. This Special Issue explores the intersection of cutting-edge AI technologies and digital strategies, highlighting their potential to drive sustainability in various business sectors. Emphasis is placed on how these technologies can be leveraged to enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and create innovative business models that prioritize long-term ecological balance. The articles within this Special Issue examine case studies, theoretical frameworks, and practical implementations of AI and digital transformation, providing a comprehensive overview of their benefits and challenges. Key topics include the integration of AI in supply chain management, the development of smart cities, the role of big data in sustainability, and the ethical considerations of AI deployment. This collection aims to provide valuable insights for academics, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in the sustainable evolution of businesses through advanced technological interventions.
Open Access
The interplay of innovation and internationalisation in the foreign market entry mode and international market selection process of SMEs
2023-12-15 - Azevedo, Mónica; Lobo, Carla Azevedo; Santos-Pereira, Carla; Durão, Natércia; Gerschewski, Stephan
In an interconnected, globalised world where the success of companies increasingly relies on internationalisation, innovation has emerged as a crucial strategic decision for firm’s strong development and competitiveness. While there tends to be a consensus in the literature regarding the growing significance of internationalisation and innovation, certain questions arise regarding the relationship between innovation and entry modes with lower market commitment as well as destination markets with lower risks. This study aims to investigate whether a discernible pattern of relationship exists between internationalisation modes, destination markets, and innovation among small and medium-sized Portuguese firms. To accomplish this research objective, we developed and distributed an online questionnaire survey and collected empirical data from Portuguese SMEs. The final dataset consisted of 310 valid responses, which were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 27.0 Statistics software. Considering the categorical nature of the data (measured on a nominal or ordinal scale), we applied robust quantitative analysis techniques. More specifically, we employed exploratory statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate exploratory factorial analysis (EFA), as well as inferential analysis (e.g., Spearman's correlation and Chi-square test for correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney nonparametric test). Our findings provide empirical evidence that companies employing internationalisation modes requiring greater commitment, along with those targeting geographically and psycho-logically distant destination markets, tend to attach greater importance to innovation as a determinant of internationalisation. Our study carries important theoretical and practical implications.
Open Access
The determinants of international performance for family firms: Understanding the effects of resources, capabilities, and market orientation
2022-06-23 - Fernandes, Cristina; Ferreira, João J. M.; Veiga, Pedro Mota; Gerschewski, Stephan; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
Family firms (FFs) tend to display specific characteristics that differentiate them from non-family companies. In addition to the importance that FFs hold for the economic structure of many countries, their characteristics have motivated a wide range of research studies, including succession, corporate governance, and strategic management. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of resources (i.e. internationalisation networks), capabilities (i.e. employee characteristics and knowledge), and market orientation (i.e. internationalisation motivations), and how these facets influence the international performance of FFs. To this end, we administered a web-based questionnaire to a sample of 212 small and medium-sized FFs based in Portugal. In terms of the research methodology, we applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to test our hypotheses. We found that not only do resources and capabilities return a positive impact on internationalisation motivations, but also the combination of resources and capabilities and internationalisation motivations can positively influence the international performance of FFs. Our research contributes both to theory and FF management practises by analysing the strategic orientations adopted in internationalisation processes and the empirical relevance held by resources and capabilities. More specifically, we find that proactivity (i.e. internationalisation motivations), a network of contacts (i.e. resources) and assuming risks, mitigated by knowledge about the external market (i.e. capabilities), can enable the achievement of superior international performance for FFs.
Open Access
Innovations in sustainable Higher Education: Generative AI and the future of teaching and learning
2024-10-01 - Moreira, Fernando; Santos-Pereira, Carla; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
Special Issue Information: The role of higher education is being radically changed through the most crucial and advanced generation of AI, known as Generative Artificial Intelligence. This special issue of our journal is chiefly devoted to discussing sustainable advances in higher education learning, primarily in terms of generative AI's effects on instruction and education. [...]
Restricted Access
The Impact of Cultural Barriers on the Internationalization Process
2022-04 - Martins, Nayra; Oliveira, Susana; Lobo, Carla Azevedo
This study aims to analyze the impact of cultural differences in the internationalization process of small and medium-sized Portuguese firms. It was used a questionnaire survey, supported by an extensive literature review on business internationalization and its main barriers. In order to validate the form and content of the questionnaire, the instrument was pre-tested. [...]
Open Access
A Possible Relationship Between Internationalization and Innovation Strategies: An Analysis of Portuguese SMEs
2021-06-30 - Azevedo, Mónica; Maldonado, Isabel; Lobo, Carla Azevedo; Santos-Pereira, Carla; Durão, Natércia
The importance of internationalization for firm’s survival and growth seems to be consensual among the researchers on this topic. Innovation is also considered a key factor for firm’s development and competitiveness. Moreover, the relationship between innovation and internationalization has become a matter of increasingly interest in the literature and can be analysed according to two streams: innovation as cause or consequence of companies’ internationalization. Additionally, given the great importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for the growth of economies, part of literature has paid special attention to this kind of enterprises. The purpose of this work is to verify the existence of a possible relationship between internationalization and innovation strategies among Portuguese firms by exploring whether Portuguese entrepreneurs consider innovation as an important factor or a motivation in the internationalization process. To achieve this goals, and based on data obtained from an online questionnaire survey, descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques are used. In particular, graphical representations, descriptive measures and also, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (with multiple comparisons) non-parametric tests.

Lobo, Carla Azevedo

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